Acute myocardial infarction is called dying of the heart. It occurs against a background of acute violation of the coronary circulation. During an attack, if the blood flow is broken completely, some of the muscle cells die. The scale of the lesion depends on the size of the vessel, which ceases to receive food. That is, the larger it is, the more vital cells will die.
Causes of acute myocardial infarction
As a rule, the disease develops against the background of atherosclerosis. Among the main causes of cessation of blood supply can also be attributed:
- thromboses ;
- embolism;
- surgical interventions;
- spasms of arterial vessels of the heart muscle;
- Embolism caused by a foreign body or a tissue particle;
- trauma or dressing of the coronary vessels.
Unfortunately, no one is protected from a heart attack. But some people need to take a closer look at their health. The risk zone includes patients:
- with obesity, diabetes, arterial hypertension;
- Women over the age of 65 and a man after the age of 45;
- abusing nicotine and alcohol;
- often experiencing severe stress;
- prone to diseases of the cardiovascular system;
- leading a predominantly sedentary lifestyle.
Symptoms of acute myocardial infarction
The main sign of the attack is severe pain. Almost always it has a crushing and burning character. Those who had experienced acute infarction say that the sensations were as if someone had put a heavy hot brick on their chest. In this case, the pain may not subside until twenty minutes. Sometimes unpleasant sensations spread even in the neck and hands.
To understand that the treatment of acute myocardial infarction is also possible for such manifestations of a disease as:
- severe shortness of breath;
- pallor;
- cold sweat;
- nausea;
- vomiting;
- sweating;
- dry cough;
- loss of consciousness;
- semi-unconscious condition.
Diagnosis and treatment of acute myocardial infarction
The fight against infarction should be carried out exclusively in stationary conditions. Diagnostics is also carried out here. You can see the ailment during the ECG study. In addition, there are changes in the composition of the blood, which indicates damage to the heart cells. Against this background, heart beat is often much more frequent.
The main task of treating myocardial infarction in an acute period is the coping of the pain syndrome. For this, Nitroglycerin is most often used. Tablets of 0.4 mg are placed under the tongue. You can not take them only with low blood pressure.
Some specialists use beta-blockers to improve the well-being of patients:
- Atenolol;
- Metoprolol.
These medicines quickly eliminate ischemia, thereby decreasing the area of the heart, and consequently, the pain is also removed.
In the most difficult cases, they resort to surgical intervention. Operations are carried out unplanned and often in an emergency.
Complications and consequences of acute myocardial infarction
An infarction is terrible with its negative consequences and complications. If the attack does not cure in time and does not take appropriate measures, you can face:
- pericarditis ;
- acute heart failure;
- heart rupture;
- a violation of the heart rhythm;
- cardiogenic shock;
- aneurysm;
- thromboembolic syndrome.
Any predictions for a heart attack make it difficult. The way a patient will feel after an attack depends on many different factors: age, general health, compliance with the requirements of a specialist. In fact, keeping to a diet and guarding yourself against serious physical exertion, you can recover quite quickly.