Each woman for preventive purposes should conduct a regular examination at the gynecologist 1-2 times a year. The first gynecological examination is recommended for girls aged 14-16 years, preferably before the onset of sexual activity. But at this age they can often be heard: "I will not go, I'm afraid of gynecological examination". Therefore, the girl needs to explain that the examination with a gynecological mirror is carried out only after the onset of sexual activity, and an external examination, rectal examination and ultrasound of female genital organs help to check the process of puberty and in time to detect abnormalities in it or congenital diseases of female genital organs.
How is a gynecological examination performed?
For women who already have sex, another question is important about gynecological examination: is it painful? Usually, pain during gynecological examination can be associated with the fear of a woman before the examination, which causes spasm and pain in the vagina when you introduce a foreign body, which is a gynecological mirror. But if a woman is well prepared psychologically, and a doctor who conducts a woman's gynecological examination is sufficiently qualified, then there will be no pain when examined.
How to prepare for a gynecological examination?
Gynecologic examination is not carried out in the period of menstruation, before the examination it is necessary to wash the genitals with clean warm water. On the eve of the examination is not recommended to have sex. The day before the examination, do not use vaginal tampons, sprays and suppositories. Now in pharmacies you can find gynecological kits that contain a disposable vaginal mirror, a brush for taking a smear, a gynecological spatula, a cotton applicator, sterile gloves, shoe covers and a diaper that the woman places under the pelvis during the examination. Immediately before the examination, the woman empties the bladder.
How is the gynecological examination?
The doctor spends the woman's examination on the gynecological chair, the woman takes off all the clothes below the waist. Gynecological examination includes external and internal. With external examination, the doctor examines and palpates the mammary glands, assesses the condition of the vulva, the presence of secretions from the genital tract, rashes on the genitals.
Internal gynecological examination is performed with the help of a gynecological mirror, in which the doctor assesses the condition of the cervix. At the same time, a swab for cytologic examination is required, for this purpose a scraping of cells of the cervical epithelium is taken. After taking a cytologic smear, small bloody discharge after a gynecological examination during the day is possible. After removing the mirror, the doctor in gloves conducts an internal examination, palpating the vagina of the uterus and its appendages.
In addition to a cytological smear, during a gynecological examination a woman takes a vaginal smear on the flora. It calculates the number of leukocytes, the presence of normal and pathological microflora in the vagina. If necessary, after the examination, an ultrasound examination of the pelvis is performed,
Gynecological examination of women during pregnancy
The peculiarities of gynecological examination in pregnant women will be the mandatory detection of the tone of the uterus or bloody discharge with the threat of miscarriage. Gynecologic examination in pregnant women is carried out at the first registration, at 30 weeks of pregnancy and on the eve of birth. In addition, gynecological examinations of pregnant women are carried out only according to indications because of the risk of miscarriage or infectious complications.