Hemodialysis is a method of purifying blood from toxic metabolic products in the body in acute and chronic renal failure. For hemodialysis, a device known in the people as an artificial kidney is used, a hemodialysis machine.
Indications for hemodialysis
Indications for the procedure are renal diseases, as a result of which natural purification of blood from the products of vital activity is impossible. It:
- acute renal failure and chronic course of the disease;
- severe forms of poisoning with poisons capable of penetrating the hemodialysis membrane;
- alcohol poisoning;
- pathological changes in electrolytes in the blood;
- hyperhydration of the organs (cerebral edema, pulmonary edema).
In the case of diagnosing acute kidney failure, several hemodialysis procedures are sometimes necessary, so that the organ is restored and the person recovered.
The main indicator for hemodialysis after all is the last stage of chronic kidney failure. It is used to relieve the patient's condition and prolong life, when the body is no longer able to perform its function of purifying the blood. The question arises as to how many people live on hemodialysis. Modern medicine calls the average indicator - 20-25 years.
Nutrition for kidney hemodialysis
After carrying out such procedure, it is very important to follow a diet, the basic rules of which are as follows:
- Reduction or, at times, complete exclusion of salt.
- Strict control of the volume of fluid used.
- Increased protein intake (compared with the pre-dialysis period).
- Decrease in the diet products, high in potassium and phosphorus.
Perhaps the most difficult in this diet is the restriction of water consumption. The norm, established in the period between dialysis, is calculated simply - it should not exceed the daily urine dose plus 0.5 liters additionally. This standard includes liquid contained in soups, juices, fruits, milk dishes. The fluctuation in weight, about 2 kg in the direction of increase, speaks of the abuse of the fluid and its delay in the body. To alleviate thirst, you can suck a piece of ice, which can be not only from water, but also from juice. Lemon slice also contributes to increased salivation, which will help relieve thirst.
Restriction or, if possible, a complete refusal of table salt also leads to a decrease in thirst. Salting dishes is better in ready-made form. To replace salt, without losing taste of the dish, you can use seasonings, bay leaf, pepper, etc.
In the interdialysis period, the ability of the body to accumulate potassium can lead to sad consequences. Therefore, like salt, the use of potassium-containing products should be strictly limited. These are products like:
- condensed milk;
- vegetables (beans, potatoes, mushrooms and spinach);
- fruit (bananas, dried fruits, rhubarb, nuts);
- drinks (coffee, wine, cocoa);
- bread, bran, pastry, containing cocoa.
Vegetables before eating are best cooked in large quantities of water or, cut into small pieces, soak for 8-10 hours.
Increasing the level of phosphorus in the human body for a certain time can cause disturbances in the process of calcium metabolism and bone damage. We need to be cautious about using these products:
- cheese;
- by-products (liver, kidneys, heart);
- smoked and fried fish, caviar;
- chocolate
- egg yolk.
Protein should be from 60 to 150 grams per day and consist of lean varieties of meat (veal, rabbit, turkey, chicken).
Contraindications to hemodialysis
Do not perform a blood purification procedure if the following symptoms or illness occur:
- low pressure;
- low blood clotting (this is fraught with uncontrolled bleeding);
- diseases of the cardiovascular system, in which hemodialysis can provoke a worsening of the patient's condition;
- inflammation;
- oncology;
- psychological disease.