Schedules of preventive vaccinations
Vaccination is routine or according to epidemiological indications. The latter is conducted in cases of outbreaks of dangerous diseases in a certain region. But most often people are faced with routine preventive vaccinations. They are carried out on a specific schedule.
Some vaccinations are mandatory for everyone. These include BCG, CCP, DTP. Others spend only those who have an increased risk of contracting a disease, for example, at work. It can be typhoid, plague.
The vaccination schedule is designed taking into account many factors. Experts have provided different schemes for the introduction of drugs, the possibility of combining them. The national calendar is valid throughout the country. It can be revised to take into account any new data.
In Russia, the national calendar includes all the necessary vaccinations for all ages.
Also there are regional calendars. For example, residents of Western Siberia are additionally given a vaccine against tick-borne encephalitis, since the infection is common there.
On the territory of Ukraine the schedule of vaccination is somewhat different.
The order of carrying out preventive vaccinations
In order to introduce a vaccine to a child or an adult, a number of conditions must be met. The organization and implementation of preventive vaccinations is regulated by regulatory documents. The procedure can be carried out exclusively in polyclinics or specialized private medical institutions. In an institution for such manipulations, a separate inoculum should be assigned, which also must meet certain requirements:
- it should include: a refrigerator, sterile tools, changing table, table, medicine cabinet, disinfection solution;
- all used material and tools should be placed in a container with disinfectant solution;
- the presence of drugs for anti-shock therapy;
- it is necessary to keep instructions for all preparations;
- in the office you have to clean 2 times a day.
It is also important that the vaccination against tuberculosis (BCG) should be carried out either in a separate room, or only on certain days.
Before the manipulation, the patient must pass the necessary tests and undergo an examination with the doctor. During the appointment, the doctor is interested in the state of health at the moment, clarifies the presence of reactions to previous vaccinations. Based on this information, the physician issues a permit for the procedure.
The patient may be refused manipulation if contraindications to the prophylactic vaccination are revealed. They can be permanent or temporary.
The former are not common and this is most often a strong reaction to previous vaccinations.
Temporary contraindications are also called relative, that is, when a person has a condition in which a vaccine can cause a negative reaction. But after a while the procedure can be carried out. Such states include:
- acute diseases, as well as exacerbation of chronic;
- pregnancy;
- the introduction of blood products, transfusion.
A prerequisite for a shot is consent to the carrying out of preventive vaccinations, or rejection of them. Everyone can choose what is right for him and his child on the basis of their views or beliefs. Refusal to carry out preventive vaccinations, or consent to them, are documented in writing on a specific form.