Subarachnoid haemorrhage

Its name is not just a disease. Subarachnoid hemorrhage is the bleeding that occurs between the arachnoid and the soft membranes of the brain. The main feature of this circulatory disturbance is in suddenness. The consequences of hemorrhage are most unpredictable, so treatment should be done very urgently.

Traumatic and non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage

Depending on what became the cause, hemorrhages may be:

• spontaneous;
• traumatic.

In the case of the latter, everything is clear: the bleeding is opened as a result of a craniocerebral trauma, when there is damage to the walls of the arteries located in the head. Physical damage is the most common cause of circulatory disorders.

Spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage occurs at first glance completely without cause. But in fact, it is caused by various diseases and pathologies that affect the integrity of the walls of blood vessels. A common cause of spontaneous hemorrhage is an aneurysm rupture. It can happen at any age, but as practice shows, middle-aged people are more prone to the problem.

Predisposing to the discovery of subarachnoid hemorrhage, the factors look like this:

• blood diseases;
• vasculitis;
• abuse of alcohol, nicotine and narcotic substances;
• arterial hypertension;
• infectious diseases of the brain;
• Nishimoto's disease;
• tumors of blood vessels;
• fungal diseases;
• sickle-cell anemia;
• stratified and latticed form of aneurysm ;
• toxic inflammation of blood vessels;
• thromboses;
• vasculopathy;
• deposits of amyloid proteins in the vessels.

Symptoms of subarachnoid hemorrhage

The main sign of subarachnoid hemorrhage is a severe headache, the attack of which can sometimes even result in a short-term loss of consciousness. Everyone who has had to experience bleeding in the web of the brain, as one claim, that this pain was the strongest in their life.

In addition, the attack is accompanied by the following symptoms:

• nausea;
• vomiting;
• convulsions ;
• sudden psychomotor agitation;
• photophobia;
• irritability;
• strabismus;
• temporary loss of sensitivity;
• dizziness;
• bradycardia;
• increased temperature;
• epileptic seizures;
• speech impairment;
• failures in memory.

Treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage

It is best to treat subarachnoid hemorrhage in a hospital. At the time of recovery, the patient is assigned a strict bed rest. Methods of treatment are chosen depending on the form and manifestation of the problem.

An invariable component of the treatment course is hemostatic and coagulation-improving drugs. If necessary, medicines that reduce pressure, restore nerve tissue and relieve spasm of the arteries are used. Sometimes patients have to undergo speech therapy courses and practice physical therapy.

Consequences of subarachnoid hemorrhage

This bleeding is considered a serious enough problem. Unfortunately, about half of the cases of subarachnoid hemorrhage result in a fatal outcome. Sometimes after recovery, there are relapses, but if half a year have passed quietly, then the probability of their miserably small.

Possible complications and consequences include:

• slurred speech;
• problems with coordination;
• increased muscle tone of the limbs;
• the formation of so-called delayed cerebral infarctions - partial dying of tissues.