Ecological education of schoolchildren of lower grades is an integral part of the formation of the personality. In the process of upbringing, not only parents take an active part, but also school teachers actively work. After all, already in the primary classes begin to study natural history, in the lessons of which much attention is paid to environmental issues. An important role is played by communication with peers, reading children's literature and watching animated films. Of all the above, the child draws information about the environment and the relationship between man and nature, chooses his ideal, which he tries to imitate.
Main goals and objectives
The tasks of ecological education of schoolchildren, students in the lower grades are to assimilate the following aspects:
- the determination of optimal interactions between man and nature;
- the concept of man as a component of the biocenosis;
- understanding of the value of nature and the interconnection of its components;
- mastering the initial skills of using natural resources, improving the state of the environment;
- prediction of the consequences of their actions in relation to the elements of the environment;
- to develop public and cognitive activity in the course of environmental activities;
- to promote the emergence of a desire for knowledge of nature and to active activities aimed at improving the environment;
- formation of the need for contact with nature.
There is a certain sequence in the study. First, all objects of nature are considered separately, then their interrelation among themselves and in particular between objects of an alive and lifeless nature is learned. And, finally, at the last stage comes the understanding of the origin of various natural phenomena. But the main essence of ecological education of junior schoolchildren is to involve children in nature. The result should be an understanding of the respect for animals, insects, birds and plants. After all, nature is a necessary condition for the life of all people. The received knowledge form the responsible attitude to all objects of environment. Children realize that in order to maintain health and full-fledged vital activity, favorable conditions are needed, therefore it is important to preserve natural resources.
Methods and forms
Interest in the phenomena of nature and in the objects of living nature begins to manifest at an early age. The education of the ecological culture of junior schoolchildren is based on three basic principles. This is systematic, continuous and interdisciplinary. Success directly depends on the correct organization of classes. And in order to surprise and make the child more interested every time, new forms and methods of teaching must be applied.
Methods of ecological education of schoolchildren of lower grades can be divided into two groups:
- traditional;
- innovative.
To date, more and more popular lessons in the form of a game, in the form of theatrical performances and scenes. Also, the forms of ecological education of junior schoolchildren are divided into:
- Mass - organization of holidays, festivals and conferences, work on the improvement of premises, yards and more.
- Group - optional classes in specialized circles and sections, excursions, hiking.
- Individual - activities aimed at preparing abstracts, reports, records of observations of plant and animal life, drawing and others.
The effectiveness of the educational work done can be judged by the presence of the child's vital interest in the knowledge of the world around him.