Thyroid gland diseases

Diseases of the thyroid gland occur in women approximately 10 times more often than in men. And the risk group includes women aged 30-50 years.

Causes of Thyroid Disease

Failure in the secretory gland causes many factors. The most common causes of thyroid disease are:

• area of ​​residence (most often dysfunction occurs in the highlands and some areas of Central Asia, and is rare in the population living in the maritime zone);
• ecological situation;
• human diet;
• diseases of the gastrointestinal tract;
• infection;
• stress;
• pathology of other endocrine organs;
• injuries of the cervical region;
• heredity;
• pregnancy.

Signs of thyroid disease

Symptoms of thyroid dysfunction depend on the type of disease, although they have some similarities. Most commonly there are such thyroid diseases as:

• hyperthyroidism;
• hypothyroidism;
• nodular goiter;
• autoimmune thyroiditis;
• cyst;
• cancer.

Let's consider the main signs of diseases of this gland of internal secretion.

Hyperthyroidism

Hyperthyroidism is an overproduction of thyroid hormones. From their overabundance "poisoning" of the organism and intensification of metabolic processes occur. In this case, the patient is observed:

• irritability;
• sweating;
• increased heart rate, shortness of breath;
• tremor of extremities.

The consequence of a violation of carbohydrate metabolism is often the development of type 2 diabetes.

Hypothyroidism

Hypothyroidism - a decrease in the activity of the thyroid gland due to iodine deficiency in the body and anomalies in development. For hypothyroidism are characteristic:

• constant fatigue, loss of strength ;
• rare pulse, low (sometimes high) pressure;
• decrease in cognitive abilities, memory;
• pallor and excessive dryness of the skin;
• eyedrops;
• swelling;
• overweight;
• constipation;
• hair loss;
• hearing loss;
• hoarseness of voice;
• violation of the cycle of menstruation and infertility in women, lack of potency in men.

Autoimmune thyroiditis

Autoimmune thyroid disease occurs due to the accumulation of leukocytes inside the gland. Cells of its own secretory organ are perceived by the body as alien and destroyed. As a result, gradually the thyroid gland is destroyed. Symptoms are associated with inflammation of the gland. It:

• painful sensations in the neck area;
• difficulty in swallowing;
• violation of breathing.

Similar signs are noted in thyroid cancer.

Goiter

The pathological enlargement of the gland can develop both in hyperthyroidism and in hypothyroidism. Nodular goiter is an education that differs in structure and structure from organ tissue. Thus allocate:

• colloid goiter;
• adenoma (benign tumor);
• malignant tumor.

With these diseases, pronounced protrusion on the neck in the projection of the gland. Zob significant size squeezes the nearby organs, in connection with which there are signs not associated with the thyroid gland. Oncological diseases are accompanied by painful sensations in the thyroid gland.

Diagnosis of thyroid diseases

The basic method of diagnosing thyroid pathologies is the analysis of blood for the maintenance of TPG (thyreotropic hormone), hormones T3 and T4.

As additional methods of research can be involved:

• general blood analysis;
• Analysis of urine;
• biochemical blood test ;
• Ultrasound of the thyroid gland;
• X-ray of the gland;
• computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging of the organ;
• biopsy of the gland;
• radioimmunological research and a number of other methods.