Myopia is the medical name of the disease, which is commonly known as myopia. This impaired vision is very common and most often begins to manifest itself in childhood and adolescence. High degree of myopia is indicated if vision is reduced by more than 6 diopters.
Progressive myopia of high degree
Usually, high myopia develops as a result of progressive myopia, and in some cases, a decrease in vision can reach 30-35 diopters. With this disease, supportive therapy is used and vision is corrected with the help of glasses or contact lenses.
Also high grade myopia can be congenital. Congenital disease is associated with the defect of the eyeball that developed at the stage of development. Such a myopia in the presence of a hereditary predisposition to a decrease in vision and increased dilatability of the sclera can go on into a progressive, even disability, vision.
Congenital high-grade myopia very often coincides with astigmatism. With myopia developed over time, there are also variants when astigmatism is observed, but less often.
Complicated high degree myopia
With high myopia, the eyeball is stretched, especially its posterior segment, which can lead to various anatomical and physiological changes. The most severe in this case are the vessels of the fundus. There may be increased friability, which, with unfavorable events, leads to hemorrhages, clouding of the lens, and retinal dystrophy. In severe cases, retinal detachment and, in the end, blindness are possible.
Treatment of high degree myopia
Treatment of any myopia can be conditionally divided into corrective and maintenance therapy. The first is the selection of correct glasses or contact lenses. The second - proper nutrition, observance of gentle treatment for the eyes, gymnastics for the eyes, reception of vitamin complexes with lutein and special medical procedures.
Methods used to maintain vision include:
- magnetotherapy;
- electrostimulation;
- laser therapy;
- special computer simulators.
Operation with high degree myopia
The only way to restore visual acuity, and not just adjust it for any myopia, is surgery.
- Laser correction is the most common method of vision recovery, but with high degree of myopia it is used only if vision is not lower than -13. With higher myopia, other methods of surgical intervention are shown.
- Refractive lens replacement. The method is used for nearsightedness up to -20 diopters. It consists in removing the lens through a microcut and replacing it with a refractive lens of the desired optical power.
- Implantation of phakic lenses. Used when the eye has not lost its natural capacity for accommodation. In this case, the lens is not removed, and the lens is implanted into the posterior or anterior chamber of the eye. The method is used for myopia up to -25 diopters.
Contraindications for high degree myopia
Myopia of a high degree requires a fairly sparing regimen, and there are a number of factors that should be avoided in order not to worsen your condition. So, high myopia is a contraindication to the occupation of most sports.
Many sources also indicate that high-grade myopia in women is a contraindication to childbirth, as the risk of retinal detachment and blindness is greatly increased. But here you need to consult a doctor, because the indications, contra-indications and risk in each case are individual and depend on many factors.