Among the mass of pods, Turkish peas are distinguished by an unusual shape of grains and outstanding useful properties, it is the basis of a huge number of dishes of traditional Oriental cuisine. This field crop is nutritional ahead of all its legume relatives and deserves a registration in every home garden.
Turkish peas (chickpeas) - description
The plant has several names - chick pea, polka peas, greek peas, mutton peas. Pods of turkey peas short with 1-2 grains, in some grades up to 4 pieces, the fruits to the touch are tuberculate-rough, outwardly resemble the head of a tiny lamb. Nut - a valuable plant, growing it on the backyard will bring a lot of benefit to the owner. Even a brief listing of the merits of turkey peas helps to assess all the important prospects from its cultivation in the suburban area.
What is famous for the Turkish peas:
- Chickpeas can be consumed in a boiled and raw way, enormous value has sprouted beans.
- A small glycemic index makes peas an important product in diabetics' diets.
- By the amount of protein, chickpeas are inferior to meat dishes, so it is recommended to vegetarians and Christians for use during the period of fasting.
- In Turkish peas a large amount of phosphorus, there is magnesium with potassium, riboflavin and lecithin, the main vitamins.
- In addition to food value, Turkish peas can be used for food purposes.
- It is believed that in terms of nutritional value, these beans can replace fish meal in feed mixtures.
- Canned cereals of this plant are useful and tasty, and flour from them is used for baking and cooking porridges.
Chickpea - landing
Turkish peas do not belong to capricious and demanding plants. It normally tolerates an arid climate and after rains it resumes vegetation well, bringing an excellent harvest. Much worse this type of legumes grows with abundant precipitation, amazed by askohitosis, causing ovary failure. This plant is classified as a cold-resistant culture of a long day, withstand severe frost under the snow. In Uzbekistan, the planting of chick peas takes place in autumn.
How to plant chickpeas?
Peas do not deplete the soil, on the contrary, it significantly increases the yield on the site, which makes it a valuable precursor for all crops. An important condition - the absence of perennial weeds, complicating the care of beds. The moisture content of the soil affects the depth of the seeding. Under normal conditions, they are closed at 6-8 cm, if the crop is produced in a dry period, then increase the depth of planting to 10 cm. To increase growth and increase yield, mineral fertilizer is used to plant chickpea - nitrate, nitroammophosco , superphosphate .
Ways to plant turkey peas:
- row (planting seeds after 15 cm),
- tape method (several closely spaced series with a small gap),
- Wide-stranded (width of rows between 45-60 cm).
Do I need to soak the chickpeas before planting?
In dry spring, it is recommended to soak chickpeas, planting and growing a plant in this way does not differ in complexity. The seeds prepared for sowing are covered completely with water and left for 12 hours, changing the liquid after 3 hours. It is possible, simultaneously with soaking, to make seed treatment with stimulant preparations that enhance germination. If the soil is moist, then the beans are sown without soaking.
When to plant chickpeas?
Planting chickpeas in spring in different climatic zones differs according to local weather. Agronomists recommend orienting in this issue on the humidity and temperature of the soil. Early spring frosts to shoots of Turkish peas are almost harmless, therefore the optimal period of sowing chickpeas is warming up the upper layer of the earth to a temperature of 5-6 ° C.
How to grow chickpeas in the country?
Unlike peas, this plant does not curl and is resistant to lodging. For the cultivation of this crop friable and soft earth fits, the best yield in dachas is obtained when sowing on beds with a grain spacing of 15 cm to 20 cm. Herbicide turkey tolerates poorly, it is better to cultivate the soil for sowing manually or mechanically, but without using chemistry.
Popular varieties of turkey peas:
- State farm. Refers to medium-ripening varieties, vegetation lasts up to 105 days. Protein in grains - up to 24%, yield with good farming technology - 3.8 kg / 10 sq.m. Slightly amazed by askohitosis.
- Krasnokutsky 195. A variety of good, delicious, mature beans are boiled perfectly. The bushes of the plant are sprawling, drought-resistant, the pods do not crack. Yield of chickpeas when growing according to all the rules of agricultural machinery - 3,5 kg / 10 sq.m.
- Anniversary. Bushes give grains of yellow-pink color of excellent taste with 27% protein. The yield of this variety is up to 3 kg / 10 sq.m.
- Budzhak. Ukrainian variety with light beige beans, bushes erect, the period of harvesting is 90 days. The crop yields up to 1.8 t / ha.
Turkish peas - watering
For chickpeas fit growing conditions in hot climates, additional watering is needed only in dry years. The top pouring of turkey peas with water causes harm, contributing to the development of fungal infections. The liquid that gets on the pods provokes their early cracking. It is desirable to water not the plant, but directly the soil, avoiding excessive spraying of droplets to the sides. Stop completely watering the Turkish pea during the ripening period when the process of natural dying of the green mass occurs.
Turkish peas chickpeas - top dressing
Many people like peas, but they do not learn how to grow a plant, relying on the whims of nature. To be afraid of fertilizing should not be, correctly introduced fertilizers significantly increase the yield of field crops. It is desirable to perform these operations in the autumn-spring period, laying mineral substances (superphosphate) directly into the soil, or during the active growth of turkey peas (saltpetre).
The dose of superphosphate for a given crop is up to 30-40 g per 1 sq. M, it is better to introduce it in the autumn when digging up the soil. In the first phase of development, peas require nitrogen, which is easy to supply to the root system with the help of saltpetre. Top dressing is performed when the sprouts reach a height of 5-8 cm at a rate of 10-15 g per bucket of water. The nitragin preparation on the basis of nodule bacteria, which significantly increases the yield of any leguminous plants, received good reviews.
Turkish peas - care
This culture forms tall bushes (50-60 cm), but they do not lie on the soil and do not twist like peas. The main danger for the Turkish pea is perennial weeds, which are destroyed by weeding. Turkish peas develop well on all soils except for heavy loamy, marshy, with a close occurrence of water. It is necessary to strive to lay seeds in the early periods, when still in the soil is full of moisture, required for the effective and harmonious germination of the beans.
The appearance of rapid shoots accelerates the earth's packing after sowing. If the soil has covered the crust, and the shoots have not yet appeared, then gently loosen the soil. It is desirable to keep the earth clean from weeds. Effective herbicides of selective action for chickpeas are not present, planting, and care in the open ground is carried out in dachas mainly by hand.
Cultivation of chickpeas - diseases and pests
There are three main problems that lie in wait for a person who wants to grow a Turkish pea in a garden:
- Cotton shovel - butterfly brownish-yellow color, laying on the leaves of eggs. Of them appear yellowish-green voracious caterpillars up to 50 mm long, eating leaflets of pods and grains.
- Nut fly - pest, laying eggs on the shoots of turkey peas. Appearing larvae make leaves in the leaves, the green mass of the plant turns yellow, dies, yield decreases.
- Ascochitis is a disease that affects chickpeas in rainy years. It appears as oval-rounded yellow spots on the leaves and stems. Sick beans do not develop, seeds lose their appearance and germination.
To combat insects use Karate, Zolon, Decis , Actellik , Inta-VIR. In addition to strong insecticides, biochemical agent Aktofit, tobacco dust, and wood ash are used. Ascohitosis is suppressed by spraying plants with a 1% solution of sulfur, and sown resistant varieties. It is advisable not to grow Turkish peas on one site for several consecutive years, making an interval of 3-4 years.