An aneurysm is a process in which a blood vessel, in most cases an artery, grows in size on one of the sites and expands. This is due to a violation of the elasticity of the fibers, as well as their substantial thinning. Blood pressure leads to stretching of the artery, which threatens a high probability of rupture. Unfortunately, in the early stages it is difficult to put such a diagnosis as an aortic aneurysm: the symptoms of this phenomenon do not manifest or are hardly noticeable. The main way to determine the disease under consideration remains an x-ray study.
Aneurysm of the thoracic aorta - symptoms
In this case, there is a generally accepted classification of the disease, which is made according to the anatomical division of the thoracic aorta:
- an aneurysm of the ascending department;
- aneurysm of the descending department;
- an aneurysm of an arch.
A common symptom for all types of process is pain in the chest zone, which has a pulsating or aching character. The rest of the symptomatology will be considered in more detail for each subtype of the disease.
Aneurysm of the ascending aorta - symptoms
Among the objective signs, it should be noted some protrusion in the area of 2-3 costal cartilage (right) in the upper part of the thorax. This is due to the fact that the aorta after the expansion of its walls significantly squeezes the ribs, sternum, as well as nearby organs. In addition, the examination shows swelling, an increase in the veins on the neck. These symptoms are provoked by the difficulty of venous outflow from the upper body, the compression of the hollow vein.
Aneurysm of descending thoracic aorta - symptoms
The considered species is less numerous than other types. The only sign is chest pain, which is localized mainly at the top of it. The pain syndrome is not intense, it starts gradually and just as slowly ceases. It arises because of the pressure on the nerve plexuses near the walls of the enlarged aorta.
Aneurysm of the aortic arch - symptoms
This aneurysm is diagnosed most easily, since the artery stretches occur in the area of the bend of the blood vessel and therefore has a pronounced symptomatology. Main features:
- bouts of shortness of breath ;
- dry cough;
- pain syndrome in the back (between the shoulder blades);
- hoarseness of voice;
- a different pulse rate and a blood vessel filling in the wrist area;
- pain or discomfort during swallowing;
- apnea.
Aneurysm of the aorta of the heart - symptoms
The stretching of the walls of the heart vessels for a long time does not make itself felt, a person can live for years with a similar diagnosis, removing rare attacks of pain through nitroglycerin. Typically, the detection of an aneurysm occurs after a heart attack or during a planned medical examination using an X-ray and an ECG.
Aneurysm of the brain aorta - symptoms
When an aneurysm reaches a large size, there are such signs:
- numbness of the face ;
- pain in the eyes and head;
- blurred vision.
Small aneurysms have no symptoms and, unfortunately, are diagnosed only after the break.
Aneurysm of the abdominal aorta - symptoms
More often than not, people with the disease under consideration complain of abdominal pain that spreads in the groin, buttocks and legs. In addition, there is a blueing (darkening) of the fingers on the legs or hands, a slight loss in the weight of the patient. The rupture of the aneurysm of the abdominal aorta has such symptoms as a sharp drop in pressure (and arterial,
Aortic dissecting aneurysm - symptoms
This kind of phenomenon occurs in the case of an intrusion of the inner part of the envelope of a blood vessel. In this case, the blood exfoliates a part of the membrane and another channel is formed, on the walls of which thrombotic deposits are observed over time. Until the complete rupture of the aorta, the only symptom is a rare aching pain in the aneurysm area. When the wall of the vessel is completely destroyed - internal bleeding, which is accompanied by hemorrhagic shock.