Drugs anticoagulants are designed to reduce blood clotting by suppressing the formation of fibrin. This effect prevents the formation of blood clots. The drug is used in both actual disease and as a preventive agent. Antikoagulant preparations can be in tablets, as injections or as ointments. The latter option is most common. In this case, in what kind and quantity it is necessary to take the substance, it is the specialist who must determine, otherwise the medicine can cause not only harm, but also cause serious complications.
Anticoagulants are divided into preparations of direct and indirect action. The main difference between the two groups is how they inhibit the formation of thrombi. It is also important what preparations are related to anticoagulants of different types.
Anticoagulants of direct action
Preparations of anticoagulants of direct action are only able to inhibit the action of thrombin. This can happen when there are plasma cofactors. The main among them is antithrombin III.
Such drugs belong to the group of indirect thrombin inhibitors, they are also called antithrombin III-dependent thrombin inhibitors. This group includes low- and medium-molecular heparins:
- heparin sodium;
- heparin calcium;
- supraparin calcium;
- enoxaparin sodium;
- parnaparin sodium
- reviparin sodium;
- cybernyne;
- deltaparin sodium;
- sodium hydrocitrate.
Heparin is able to stop the work of some factors of hemostasis. First of all, this refers to kallikrein, IXa, Xa, XIa, XIIa.
List of preparations of direct anticoagulants:
- Lyoton 1000 (gel);
- Xarelto (tablets);
- Dolabene (gel);
- Heparin (injections);
- Heparin Acrigel 1000 (gel);
- Venitane H (cream);
- Venolife;
- Thrombless (gel);
- Gepatrombin G (ointment).
Anticoagulants of indirect action
Anticoagulants of indirect effect include drugs that destroy thrombin, which is, of course, more effective than stopping its activity. This group of anticoagulants includes hirudin and its synthetic analogs, which include:
- girugen;
- girulog;
- argatroban;
- RASK.
Preparations indirect anticoagulants are called selective or direct inhibitors of thrombin, since they do not depend on antithrombin III by thrombin inhibitors.
List of preparations of anticoagulants of indirect action:
- Warfarin Nycomed (tablets);
- Phenylline (tablets).
Contraindications
Anticoagulants have contraindications, which can cause serious consequences. Thus, the drug can not be administered to people with the following diseases and disorders:
- diseases of the gastrointestinal tract with a tendency to bleeding (eg, peptic ulcer, bleeding hemorrhoids);
- liver diseases, including cardinal fibrosis of the liver, chronic hepatitis;
- urolithiasis;
- signs of kidney failure;
- blood diseases, where hemostatic mechanisms are violated (eg, thrombocytopenic purpura);
- C- and K-vitamin deficiency;
- subacute septic endocrine;
- cavernous pulmonary tuberculosis.
It is also not recommended to take medications with anticoagulants for pregnant women.
Side effects
Anticoagulant drugs have a number of side effects that should be considered before taking the medication. These include:
- allergy ;
- headache, fever, asthenia;
- necrosis of the skin;
- impaired kidney function;
- nausea, the appearance of ulcers in the mouth, abdominal pain, a taste disorder, diarrhea, vomiting and vomiting;
- priialism;
- itching, rash, baldness;
- disrupting the kidneys.