Blood transfusion is an intravascular injection of whole material or individual components. The operation is considered difficult, as there is a transplantation of living tissue. This process is called blood transfusion. It is actively used in surgery, traumatology, pediatrics and other medical fields. With this procedure, the required volume of blood is restored, along with which proteins, antibodies, erythrocytes and other components appear in the body.
Why do they transfuse the blood?
Most transfusion is carried out as a result of blood loss. The acute form is the situation when the patient lost more than a third of the total volume in a few hours. In addition, this procedure is indicated for long-term shock, unstable bleeding and in complex operations.
The process can be assigned on an ongoing basis. Usually this occurs with anemia, hematological ailments, purulent-septic problems and severe toxicosis.
Contraindications of blood transfusion and its components
Hemotransfusion is still considered one of the most risky procedures. It can severely disrupt the work of important processes. Therefore, specialists must take all the necessary tests before starting to find out compatibility and possible side effects. Among them are:
- heart failure;
- myocarditis ;
- cardiosclerosis;
- hypertension;
- problems with the blood flow of the brain;
- various allergies.
In addition, women at risk are those who had problematic births and people with oncological diseases and various pathologies of blood.
Often, doctors perform the procedure even with possible complications, otherwise a person simply can not survive. At the same time, additional treatment is prescribed, which prevents possible negative reactions. During operations, the patient's own material is often used in advance.
Consequences of blood transfusion
To minimize the possible adverse effects of the procedure, doctors prescribe a lot of tests. Despite this, the process can still lead to some complications. Most often this is expressed in a slight increase in temperature, chills and malaise. Although blood transfusion is not considered a painful operation, unpleasant sensations may appear. There are three types of complications:
- lungs;
- average;
- heavy.
All reactions usually pass quickly and have no effect on the functioning of vital organs.
Technique of blood transfusion
A special principle has been developed, according to which blood transfusion is carried out:
1. Indications and contraindications are determined.
2. The group and Rhesus factor of a person is found out. Most often this is done twice in different instances. The results should be the same.
3. Select the appropriate material and visually assess the suitability:
- the packing passport;
- the period of possible use is a maximum of 35 days;
- tightness of the package or bottle;
- normal appearance of the blood.
4. The donor group is again checked using the AB0 system.
5. A test is carried out for individual compatibility on the same system and on the Rh factor .
6. Biological sample. For this, 20 ml of donor material are injected into the patient three times every 180 seconds. If the patient's condition is stable - breathing and pulse is not increased,
7. Transfusion time depends on the patient's reaction. On average, it is produced at a speed of 40-60 drops per minute. During the process, the specialist must constantly monitor the body temperature, pulse and pressure, constantly noting the indicators.
8. After the procedure, the doctor must fill out all necessary documentation.
9 A patient who has received blood is sure to be seen with a doctor, for at least a day.