Such a neoplasm, as an ovarian cyst , occurs in women quite often.
Externally, the cyst is similar to a bubble with clear liquid contents. Distinguish different types of ovarian cysts: paraovarian, cystic (mucinous, serous, dermoid), endometrioid, functional (yellow body (luteal), follicular).
Ovarian cysts can form and disappear. In this case, a woman may not even know about it. Ovarian cysts, as a rule, do not show any symptoms. In some cases, they can cause a feeling of pressure or mild pain in the lower abdomen. But sometimes it happens that the cyst is torn and this can have serious consequences for women's health.
Most often, functional cysts of the ovaries (that is, follicular and yellow body cysts) are broken, forming and disappearing spontaneously.
Moreover, it is more susceptible to ruptures of the cyst of the right ovary than the left one.
Causes of rupture of ovarian cysts
The following factors can provoke a situation of rupture of cystic education:
- hormonal imbalance in the body of a woman;
- active sexual intercourse;
- thinning of the walls of the follicle due to the inflammatory process in the ovary;
- excessive physical exertion;
- pathology in blood coagulability.
Signs of rupture of the ovarian cyst
A rupture of the ovarian cyst is called apoplexy in another way.
In this case, bleeding occurs, external or internal. Most often bleeding is internal, in which the blood and contents of the cystic bladder emerge into the peritoneum. Symptoms of rupture of ovarian cysts in this case are: a sharp pain in the perineum, abdomen, anus, radiating to the thigh (inner part of it) and the lower back.
In addition, a woman can greatly increase the temperature, which is not knocked down by antipyretics. She feels weak, malaise, until she faints. There may be discharge from the vagina, nausea, vomiting, the pressure may decrease, the defecation process and stool may be broken, the apparent pallor of the skin is evident.
The syndrome of the "acute abdomen", manifested by the tension of the anterior abdominal wall, severe abdominal pain, impaired intestinal motility, is not specific for apoplexy. The same signs can be observed with rupture of the fallopian tube, appendix, perforation of the gallbladder or intestine. Therefore, a woman in this situation requires an emergency operation.
In favor of the diagnosis of a ruptured ovarian cyst, factors such as the near moment of ovulation, the previously diagnosed ovarian cysts, as well as the presence of severe pain during palpation of the posterior vaginal arch, painful sensations during palpation and displacement of the cervix, the finding in the lower abdomen on the one hand painful elastic-dense formation.
A definitive diagnosis of apoplexy can be made only during an operative intervention. Before this, using an ultrasound study, the amount of fluid in the abdominal cavity and small pelvis is determined; with the help of puncture of the posterior vaginal vault - the nature of the fluid (blood, exudate, pus).
Consequences of rupture of the ovarian cyst
Apoplexy of the ovarian cyst can lead to such serious consequences for a woman as:
- the death of a woman in the event of too late recourse to a medical institution;
- purulent peritonitis , which may require a second operation;
- expressed anemia, which is caused by a large loss of blood;
- the appearance after surgery of adhesions in the small pelvis, which can provoke ectopic pregnancy or infertility.