With the onset of warm sunny days, many families leave for nature. Here they are trapped by various dangers in the form of insects, which are carriers of serious diseases. The vaccination against tick-borne encephalitis for children is not included in the mandatory vaccination calendar, but is done if you are at risk.
Prevention of tick-borne encephalitis in children
This disease is caused by tick-borne encephalitis virus and manifests itself as a lesion of the peripheral and central nervous system. You can get infected:
- from the bite of a tick infected with erbovirus;
- during the reception of raw milk of goats, sheep or cows.
From the moment of bite to the manifestation of the first symptoms passes from one week to two. A person first feels:
- muscle pain;
- aching joints;
- fever;
- headache.
Every third child who has been bitten by an infected insect develops a serious stage of the disease. It is accompanied by a very high body temperature, vomiting, severe pain in the temples and occiput, inhibition and edema of the brain. If there is no emergency treatment, then paralysis and even death may occur.
Emergency prophylaxis of tick-borne encephalitis in children can be carried out in two ways: injectively or by oral administration. To conduct such treatment is necessary during the first three days after the bite. In this case, every minute is expensive, so the sooner you seek help, the better. For children doctors appoint:
- Immunoglobulins (in injection) are part of proteins taken from human and horse serum. They contain protective antibodies, which can neutralize the effect of tick-borne encephalitis. The most effective drugs are: Femme-Bulin and Immuno AG.
- Yodantipirin (in tablets) - delays the penetration of a dangerous virus into the cells of the body, promotes the production of interferon.
Drugs can be used for prevention when you are in the habitat of ticks, or after a bite. In order to accurately exclude the risk of infection, doctors prescribe a comprehensive treatment: first - injections, and in a few hours - the taking of tablets. Children still get Anaferon to prevent complications. Many medicines have side effects, so they are taken as needed.
Do I need a vaccination against tick-borne encephalitis in a child?
When answering a question about whether to make a vaccine against tick-borne encephalitis, the child should proceed from a risk factor. If you live in an area where insect bites spread the disease, then it is necessary to be vaccinated. In other cases, parents should receive a pediatrician's consultation to protect their babies correctly.
The vaccination against tick-borne encephalitis is made for children to immunize the body and protect the baby from disease and consequences. If in the spring-summer period the child will be in the open air and the insect will bite him, he either does not get infected at all or transfers everything in a mild form without complications. Vaccination has its properties for 3 years, but it must be carried out a month before the alleged threat.
How is the vaccine transferred from tick-borne encephalitis to children?
A properly vaccinated against tick-borne encephalitis is easily tolerated for children, but parents should know and follow certain rules. For example, it is necessary to closely monitor the state of the baby's health in the first days after vaccination and pay attention to such symptoms:
- The puncture site causes painful sensations, redness or swelling, which lasts 2-3 days. Then everything must go by yourself. You can wet your hand, but you can not smear or glue it with a plaster.
- There is an allergic reaction in the form of a small rash , a cold, headache or mild ailment. In this case, the baby can be given an antihistamine. If the symptoms do not go away after 3 days or worsen, you should consult a pediatrician.
- Children also have vomiting, diarrhea, pain in the muscles, a quickening pulse or lymph nodes increase, but everything passes within 2 days.
Vaccination from tick-borne encephalitis in children - side effects
Very often before vaccination, parents ask about whether the vaccination against tick-borne encephalitis has side effects for children. Pediatricians are always advised to undergo a complete examination of the baby before taking an injection:
- to pass blood and urine tests;
- pass the diagnosis;
- the doctor should identify the presence of chronic diseases;
- to make an allergic test .
Vaccination is not given to a child who has a cold. The reaction after vaccination manifests itself in a day and lasts no longer than 4 days. The baby can:
- slightly rise in temperature;
- there is nausea;
- there is swelling at the injection site.
Vaccination against tick-borne encephalitis in children - complications
After the vaccination against tick-borne encephalitis was made, the temperature of the child should not rise above 38.5 degrees. If the parents followed the scheme and the rules of vaccination, sanitary and hygienic norms and did not neglect the recommendations of the doctor, complications do not appear. In case of individual drug intolerance, children may experience:
- angioedema ;
- convulsions;
- changing the work of the cardiovascular system;
- pathology of the joints.
Vaccination against tick-borne encephalitis - consequences for children
The vaccine against tick-borne encephalitis for children prevents the danger of serious complications (persistent CNS damage) even if the child is infected with encephalitis. The reaction to vaccination is extremely rare, because the drugs contain already killed virus. Once the vaccine is introduced, the immune system begins to recognize the infection and learns to fight it. Such actions allow the development of locks for possible infection or facilitate the course of the disease.
Vaccination against tick-borne encephalitis - a scheme for vaccinating children
The vaccine against tick-borne encephalitis for children consists of 2 stages and depends on the name of the drug and pediatrician prescriptions. The first injection is done from March to April, so that the immune system has time to activate (for this it needs about 2 weeks). The time between vaccinations should be 1-3 months and is determined by individual indications. An exception can be considered only emergency measures, when the interval is equal to 14 days.
Re-vaccination against tick-borne encephalitis is not carried out for children until 3 years later. Persistent immunity of the baby is formed after two revaccinations, and long protective functions appear after the third injection. Children over 12 years of age are made every 5 years, and younger than this age - every other year. You can not skip the plan, because you have to start all over again.
When should I get vaccinated against tick-borne encephalitis in a child?
Answering the question about when to vaccinate against tick-borne encephalitis, it is worth considering the age of the baby, the season and the country of the manufacturer of the drug. For example, a domestic injection is put in at 3 years, and imported from 12 months. The course of vaccination is best done with the arrival of cold weather, when insects fall into hibernation, and the body has a time reserve for the development of immunity.
Where are the vaccinations from tick-borne encephalitis vaccinated to children?
Before you go to the injection with the child, parents ask a question about where they are being vaccinated against tick-borne encephalitis. The drug is administered by the medical staff subcutaneously and only in the shoulder. Vaccination is free of charge in specialized offices of the polyclinic, in schools and kindergartens. Do not forget to rewrite the number and lot of the medicine so that in case of complications you can correctly say the name of the injection.
Vaccination against tick-borne encephalitis - contraindications to children
After the vaccination against tick-borne encephalitis was made, the reaction in children is different. In order not to harm the baby's body, parents should know the main contraindications for vaccination, which are:
- allergy to chicken meat, protein or milk;
- immunodeficiency;
- liver and kidney disease;
- hormonal disorders;
- endocrine diseases;
- individual sensitivity to the components of the drug;
- chronic diseases;
- recent vaccination (should be more than 2 months after the last vaccination);
- blood diseases.
The vaccine against tick-borne encephalitis for children - which is better?
After the parents decided to vaccinate their child, they begin to wonder what kind of vaccines they get from tick-borne encephalitis for children, and also learn the names of the drugs, where and by whom they were made. Choose medication is necessary depending on the age of the child and the capabilities of the family. The most effective injections are:
- Mite-E-Vac is a suspension for intramuscular injection. The active substance is the antigen of the virus. The drug can be given to children from year to 16 years at 0.25 mg.
- FSME-Immun - the vaccine is introduced from 1 year according to the standard scheme.
- Encepur (children's) - produced in Germany. It is allowed to do babies from the first year and up to 11 years.