Congenital malformations are very different and can occur in relation to any organ or system of the child. Immediately it is worth mentioning that children with such problems can equally appear in a normal family, and in the one that leads an unacceptable way of life.
Classification of congenital malformations consists of two huge groups, such as hereditary and congenital malformations. However, this division is extremely relative, since there is an impressive number of cases when the appearance of anomalies is affected by a combination of hereditary predisposition and the adverse impact of our environment. In view of the fact that congenital diseases can be of the most unforeseen nature, we will consider those that are most often found in obstetric practice.
Congenital torticollis
This is the most common pathology, which is the wrong position of the baby's head. It can be slightly inclined sideways or turned. The reason may be:
- underdevelopment of the sternocleidomastoid muscle;
- wrong position of the fetus in the womb;
- anomalies in the structure of the pelvis of the mother, when the birth is difficult;
- additional cervical rib formed in the child;
- underdevelopment of the fetal neck and much more.
Congenital hydrocephalus
This pathology represents an excessive ingress and accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain of the fetus, which begins even when it is in the womb. This phenomenon is quite capable of provoking unnecessary pressure on the brain, damaging it and causing mental and physical disabilities.
Treatment should begin as soon as possible. As a rule, congenital hydrocephalus can be treated in several ways:
- by shunting the baby's brain;
- medicines;
- lumbar puncture;
- operative methods.
Anomalies of the development of the heart
This term is used to refer to pathological processes that disrupt the structure of the heart, its blood vessels and arteries, and affect their misposition or functioning. The reasons for such phenomena can be:
- chromosomal abnormalities of the fetus;
- mutation of genes;
- Immoral behavior during pregnancy and congenital heart disease have become indissoluble;
- heredity.
Anomalies of the development of the brain
These are, perhaps, the most terrible types of vices, which practically can not be corrected or treated. Here are just a few of them:
- microcephaly, when the size of the skull due to brain underdevelopment is extremely small;
- craniocerebral hernia;
- a dropsy of the brain or, as it is also called, hydrocephalus;
- craniostenosis, in which the cranial sutures close before the term and prevent the brain from growing.
Congenital dementia
Unfortunately, such a diagnosis can not be established very early. It is accompanied by a different level of mental retardation and underdevelopment of the psyche. As a rule, the reasons for this phenomenon are various violations of the course of pregnancy.
Perinatal pathology of the central nervous system
Children who have not reached one year, quite often put such a diagnosis. He says that in the development of the fetus inside the maternal womb, childbirth or the postpartum period, the child's brain was adversely affected.
The causes of prenatal CNS pathology can be:
- fetal hypoxia ;
- prematurity;
- toxicosis;
- birth traumas of the child;
- prolonged jaundice and much more.
Unfortunately, given the deteriorating environmental conditions, the immoral behavior of future mothers and the low standard of living, congenital pathology has become quite common in the walls of maternity hospitals.