Going in for sports, even, it would seem, the safest, we are not insured against injuries. Anyway, we can find ourselves in a situation where a person needs to provide first aid in case of injuries before the arrival of doctors. Consider the injuries that we can face in everyday life.
Classification and types of injuries
All injuries can be divided into two groups:
- open (damaged body cover);
- closed (internal injuries, in which the integument remains intact).
By the nature of damage to injury can be:
- single (when one organ is damaged);
- multiple (a series of similar damage);
- combined (damage to the musculoskeletal system and internal organs);
- combined (damage from two or more traumatic factors).
The severity of injury is divided into:
- lungs (bruises, sprains);
- middle (dislocations, fractures);
- severe (concussion).
Professionally we are engaged in sports or not, but sooner or later we will face sports injuries. Such injuries result from excessive physical exertion, which leads to damage to the muscular and connective tissue. These are bruises, sprains, dislocations, ligament ruptures, fractures of bones, joint trauma.
In a special group of injuries you can determine the injuries of the joint. These can be bruises of the joint, sprains and ligaments of the joint, dislocations. Or more severe injuries - fractures of the joint.
With such injuries, capillaries may burst, inflammation may occur, accompanied by swelling and edema at the site of injury. Therefore, timely and competent first aid for trauma helps to avoid serious consequences of injuries, because they can be quite serious.
First aid in case of injury
General principles of assistance:
- eliminate the impact on the body of damaging factors, assess the condition of the victim;
- determine the nature and severity of the injury, the greatest threat and consistency of care;
- to implement measures to provide assistance to the victim in the order of urgency;
- call an ambulance if necessary.
Basic principles of first aid:
- with bruises impose a pressure bandage, apply cold, create rest;
- with head injuries, "cold" is applied to the head and complete rest is created for the injured person before the arrival of doctors;
- with a spinal injury, gently (so that the body does not bend) to turn the victim face down, in the same position, transport the victim to the hospital;
- with the dislocation of the limbs, it is necessary to ensure the immobility of the injured limb before the arrival of doctors;
- when the ligaments are stretched (most often in the ankle and wrist joints), assistance consists in tight bandaging, ensuring rest and applying cold. The injured limb should be raised;
- at fractures it is necessary to provide immobility of bones in a place of fracture by means of special tires or improvised means;
- with joint injuries it is necessary to ensure complete immobility of the joint before the arrival of the doctor;
- The wounds should be washed with hydrogen peroxide and treated with iodine.
Rehabilitation after trauma
Do not neglect the recommendations of doctors on rehabilitation after injuries. Correctly selected set of exercises and procedures contributes to the speedy recovery and consolidation of the result already obtained during the treatment. Rehabilitation methods include massage, physiotherapy, physiotherapy, manual therapy, biomechanical stimulation, etc.