Hypertensive disease - classification

Arterial hypertension is characterized by a steady increase in pressure. Indicators: from 140 to 90 or more. Before the beginning of therapy, the causes of the pathology are usually clarified, and it turns out which form of hypertension - the classification is based on measurements of systolic and diastolic pressure carried out over several months.

Modern classification of essential hypertension in stages

To date, there are three types of disease:

1. Stage 1, which corresponds to a frequent but not permanent increase in blood pressure, rarely it is persistently-moderate. Sometimes there are slight changes in the vessels of the fundus.
2. Stage 2 is characterized by hypertrophy of the myocardium of the left cardiac ventricle. At the same time, the pressure is constantly elevated and the vessels of the fundus are subject to serious changes.
3. Stage 3 is accompanied by heart attacks, strokes, kidney or heart failure.

It is worth noting that in recent years it has been accepted to distinguish between essential hypertension (primary) and symptomatic (secondary).

The first type is about 95% of all diagnosed cases and is characterized by an isolated course of the disease without connection with lesions of internal organs.

The second variety appears due to such violations:

• coarctation of the aorta;
• pheochromocytoma ;
• pathology of the adrenal cortex;
• nephritis, glomerulonephritis and pyelonephritis;
• the Itenko-Cushing syndrome;
• anomalies of biosynthesis of corticosteroid hormones;
• primary hyperaldosteronism;
• tumors with hyperproduction of corticosterone.

Classification of hypertensive diseases by degree

This type of classification of pathology includes:

1. Prehypertension of the 1st type (normal arterial pressure) and type 2 (high normal blood pressure). The indices are 120-129 for 80-84 mm Hg. Art. and 130-139 at 85-89 mm Hg. Art.
2. Optimum blood pressure. Indicators: up to 120 (systolic) and less than 80 (diastolic).
3. 1 degree (140-159 for 90-99).
4. 2 degree (160-179 per 100-109).
5. 3 degree (above 180 and over 110).
6. Systolic hypertension (isolated). The diastolic pressure does not exceed 90 mm Hg. st., while systolic - more than 140 mm Hg. Art.

Stages and degrees of hypertension determine the risks of complications in the form of damage to so-called "target organs" (heart, kidneys and lungs).

Classification of essential hypertension for risk

There are the following risk factors for the progression of hypertension:

• age (for women - over 65 years);
• smoking;
• the phenomenon of hypertension in a family history;
• dyslipidemia;
• obesity;
• the blood content of the C-reactive protein in an amount exceeding 1 mg / dL;
• lack of mobility;
• pathology of tolerance to glucose compounds;
• increased level of fibrinogen;
• diabetes mellitus .

In addition, there are a number of associated clinical conditions and diseases accompanied by hypertension.

In accordance with these factors, the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases is stratified:

1. Low (in the presence of 1-2 indicators from the list of predispositions, high normal pressure, as well as hypertension (AH) 1 st degree).
2. Moderate (with AG combination of 1st degree and presence of 1-2 risk factors, AH of 2nd degree).
3. High (in the presence of 3 or more predispositions for AH 1 st, 2 nd degree, AH 3rd degree).
4. Very high (with a parallel course of AH of 3rd degree and more than 3 risk factors, as well as associated clinical conditions).