"The taste and color of a comrade is not", this proverb, which arose even in the days of the existence of the USSR, firmly settled in the minds of our citizens. The essence of it is accessible and understandable to everyone, because man is a pitcher - filled with completely different knowledge, memories, views on life and values.
The concept of individualism was first used in philosophy and it is translated as - the existence of each person's social, political and moral outlook. The emphasis here is on personal freedom and human rights.
Open individualism is an open view of the undoubted superiority of the individual. Also it can be characterized as a philosophical point of view, according to which the personality is unique and unique and the second is not the same. The phenomenology of this term is that a person continuously developing as a person finds himself in different conscious bodies and at different times. As mentioned earlier, adherents of firm individualism oppose the suppression of the individual by political and public institutions. The individual, as it were, opposes himself to society, and this opposition is presented not to a definite social order, but to the whole society as a whole.
Individualism and selfishness
This problem has existed for a long time and as a result, it is touched by many philosophical currents. The individualization of being leads the individual to the separate existence of his self, apart from the opinions of others. Reflection as the main tool of self-knowledge allows us to systematize a variety of individual values. R. Steiner advocated for the individual, because he believed that decisions can only be taken separately, and only then does the opinion of the public grow out of this. In the nihilistic philosophy to which Nietzsche relied himself, selfishness was considered exclusively from a positive point of view. Now it will be difficult for us to come to terms with the greatest thinkers of the time, because the very essence of the problem has changed in general. This happened due to a change in the positive interpretation of selfishness, as the quality of the character helping to be formed as a person into a negative one.
Indeed, individualism can grow into its extreme - selfishness, self-centeredness, just as an active position of the individual in the state can grow into authoritarian behavior, but this in no way acts as an indicator conducive to the identification of such concepts.
The principle of individualism was first formed in the 19th century by the representative of the French intelligentsia, the scientist and politician Apexis de Toquiquim. He also introduced for the first time such definition of individualism as - the natural reaction of the individual to political despotism and authoritarianism in the government of the state.
Ideas and ideas:
- all values are oriented towards the formation of personality;
- in legal and value terms all people are equal both in their rights and in their duties to society;
- no one has the right to use the person to achieve any of his goals;
- every person has freedom of choice;
- the natural attitudes of mankind give reason to believe that all people are respectable;
- the environment of the individual is a means of its development, and not vice versa.
The rights of duties and values of the individual are primary in relation to the whole of society, and the personality acts as their immediate bearer. In general, this principle is aimed at protecting human rights in the self-organization of one's private life, its self-sufficiency as a member of society and its ability to withstand various external influences. In conclusion, it can be said that any society is a collection of individuals taking responsibility not only for their actions, but also for the actions of people around them.