Intoxication syndrome

Intoxication syndrome is characterized as a serious condition that develops as a result of entering the bloodstream of toxic substances formed directly in the body (endointoxins) or from outside (exointoxins).

Depending on the type of pathological process, several types of intoxication are distinguished:

• infectious (viral or bacterial);
• hormonal;
• food;
• postnecrotic and others.

Symptoms of intoxication syndrome

The clinical picture of the course of intoxication depends on the etiology of the disease. So, for an intoxication syndrome at a pneumonia the pain in a thorax and a dyspnea against a background of an edema of alveoli, at a cholera - a diarrhoeia, at a botulism - a myasthenia, etc. are characteristic. But there are common symptoms of intoxication. There are 3 stages associated with the severity of intoxication.

The following signs of an intoxication syndrome are characteristic for I degree of severity:

• increased respiration rate to 24 per minute;
• wheezing;
• euphoria or depression due to cerebral edema;
• minor changes on the part of the cardiovascular system (small arterial hypotension, tachycardia, systolic murmur, etc.).

The second stage of development of intoxication manifests itself in the form:

• impaired consciousness (soporus or stupor);
• respiratory insufficiency;
• muscle pain;
• severe headache;
• chills ;
• nausea;
• seizures;
• significant reduction in blood pressure;
• lack of appetite;
• sleep disorders.

In Stage III, a febrile-intoxication syndrome is strongly pronounced, in addition, the patient's health deteriorates noticeably, and life is threatened. The following manifestations are noted:

• severe chills;
• impaired consciousness (up to coma);
• strong fall in blood pressure;
• frequent heartbeats, bradycardia possible;
• marked renal and hepatic insufficiency;
• Cramps and delirium are not uncommon.

Treatment of intoxication syndrome

The choice of means and methods of therapy depends on the severity of intoxication. At an easy degree are shown:

• bed rest;
• plentiful drink (mineral water, fruit juice, juice, broth of a dogrose, tea);
• diet with the exception of fried, smoked, spicy food.

At an average severity level, along with the indicated methods, antipyretics (Paracetamol, Aspirin, metamizol sodium), adsorbents, laxatives and diuretics.

In severe cases, hospitalization of the patient is required, detoxification by intravenous administration of solutions (albumin, plasma, glucose, etc.) Widely used methods:

• oxygen therapy;
• hemodialysis ;
• hemosorption;
• peritoneal dialysis.

In addition, with infectious diseases, antimicrobial and antiviral drugs are prescribed.