Each vegetable garden has to grow such a tasty and healthy vegetable as beets, planting and care in the open ground behind it are conducted taking into account certain rules. The plant is cultivated as one-year-old, roots in value are not inferior to cabbage and carrots. This is an agricultural crop, which is known on most continents.
How to soak the beets before planting?
Classical red table beets are grown from seeds or through seedlings. They are collected in nodules, which are in a common shell, from which up to five shoots can pass. To speed up the germination, the shell can be destroyed in advance. Beets before planting are soaked for a day, so that the shoots appeared sooner. To do this, a growth stimulant (for example, Epin) or an infusion of wood ash is useful. After the seeds are washed with warm water and placed on a wet cloth for a day or two. During this period they will swell, and sprouting in the earth will pass faster.
How to plant beets in open ground?
In order for the plant to grow heavy beets, planting and care in the open ground are produced in a nutritious, loose soil with a slightly alkaline or neutral reaction. The best forerunners will be onions, tomatoes, cucumbers, beans. Planting of beets is not done in the garden after carrots, potatoes or cabbage for about 3 years. For spring harrowing add 20-30 g of sulfuric acid ammonium, 20 g of ammonium nitrate, 15 g of potassium chloride plus 30-40 g of superphosphate per 1 m 2 . To increase the fertility of the substrate, 2-3 kg of simple humus per m 2 is used .
Beet planting seeds in the open ground
The size of the root is determined by the density of planting - the greater the distance between the growing seedlings, the larger the vegetable will grow (but the massive ones are not very convenient to use). How to plant beets with seeds in the open field:
- draw lines, going 4 cm deep with a distance of 20 cm;
- furrows moisturize, seeds are placed in them individually with intervals between shrubs 2-3 cm;
- the seeds are poured over the earth;
- Not a single plant grows from the nodule, so that when young shoots appear, they will need to be broken.
Planting beet seedlings in the open ground
If the beet is planted early in the area, planting and care in the open ground behind it are produced through seedlings. This method will avoid the future thinning of the beds and get a significant yield more likely for 2-3 weeks from a typical period. How to plant beet seedlings in the open ground:
- growing sprouts plan a month before planting on the site;
- Seeds soaked and germinated in advance are planted in boxes with a nutrient substrate, which before dressing is etched with Phytosporin. Depth of landing - 2-3 cm, the containers are placed on the windowsill, covering from the sun, or in a greenhouse;
- care of seedlings involves moistening the soil, stable airing;
- Dredging the seedlings in the cotyledonous leaf stage, dividing the shoots into separate containers. To avoid shoots, you can initially put them in peat cups. If the seedling develops without picks, then it will need to be broken;
- after transplanting seedlings better cover with cellophane for an initial 2-3 days for good rooting;
- when sprouting 2-3 mature leaves in seedlings, they are allowed to move to the ground.
The terms of planting beets in the open ground
Beetroot is a thermophilic culture, it is not worth hurrying with its sowing. Root the seeds in spring, late April - early May, when planting beets in the open ground safely. At this time, the ambient temperature is set above + 16 ° C, and the soil deep into 8-10 cm has already warmed up to + 8-10 ° C, which is necessary for the full development of root crops. If the planting is done too early, the vegetables can get under a little frost and do not tie - the young plant will instead release a long flower spike and powerful leaves.
Seedlings to restrain in pots, too, is not worth it, otherwise the roots will tuck into the bottom of the vessel and subsequently acquire an irregular shape. Move it to the ground in mid-May. The sowing of winter beet can be done in autumn at the end of October. After planting seeds in a traditional way, in such a case the area is necessarily covered with peat or humus.
How long does the beet grow in the open ground?
Among the factors influencing the cultivation of beets and its germination, allocate: advance soaking of seed, moisture and temperature of the soil. If planted seeds were planted, the first shoots can be expected 3-4 days later. When planting dry material, the seeds are planted for 6-8 days. But this is subject to generous watering. If care in the humidification plan is irregular, then the appearance of sprouts can last up to 12-15 days.
Beet growing in open ground
In order to grow large and delicious beets on the site, planting and care in the open ground consist in systematic watering, weeding, make-up, fighting with parasites. Competent care will help to collect a rich quality harvest. How to grow beets in the open - the secrets:
- systematic loosening of beds after watering and rain deep into 4-6 cm is required for the destruction of the earth crust, which hinders the air exchange of root crops;
- if sprinkled with dry grass, then weed, loosen and moisturize the culture will have much less;
- so that the vegetable is crispy and sweet, a bush is sprayed several times over the tops with a salt solution - 1 tbsp per 10 l of water;
- in autumn, before the frost, the fruits are removed. They are pulled out, cleaned, cut off the tops;
- Store vegetables better at 0 ° C - / + 2 °.
Care of beet shoots
Competent care of beets in the open ground assumes special care for growing young plants. Weeds easily drown out young shoots, which grow very slowly until the first 4-5 leaves form. The plant stretches out and lags behind in development when grass grows. To combat weeds before seed emergence, the beds can be treated with tractor kerosene - 35-50 g per 1 m 2 . When sprouting the first 2-3 pairs of leaves from unnecessary grass, the area is irrigated with a solution of ammonium nitrate - 3 kg per bucket of water.
How to water the beets in the open ground?
Table beet - moisture-loving, planting and care in the open ground assume a planned quality watering, taking into account some nuances. An excellent crop yields with moist soil, but can tolerate a prolonged water shortage. Uneven moisturizing leads to the formation of irregularly shaped fruits, without sweet taste. Abundant irrigation of dry soil provokes cracking of vegetables. Constant strong waterlogging will lead to the destruction of root crops by scab and damage to the crop. Beet watering outdoors:
- moisten the culture when the top layer of the soil dries up;
- for the season the vegetable is watered approximately 3-4 times, spending 2-3 buckets of water per 1 m 2 ;
- moistening is carried out by the method of sprinkling, in order to refresh the leaves of the plant, in the morning or evening hours;
- if the site does not have mulch , after watering the soil is loosened for the next day;
- for half a month before the planned harvest, the moistening is stopped, which favors the increase in the amount of sugar in the fruit and improves their safety.
Beet decimation in open ground
Beet culture with the growth of seedlings break through, as from one seed, several shoots grow densely. How to grow beets in the open field - thinning:
- The first time the shoots break through when the initial pair of real leaf blades appears. Instances are left at a distance of 3-4 cm. Extra sprouts are moved to another place - at this stage they are well established.
- The second breakthrough is carried out when the young seedlings are strengthened and the root crop acquires a size of 1.5 cm - leave one plant for 6-10 cm. This is necessary to form medium-sized vegetables - not small and not giant.
- The procedure is best done after watering or rain on a cloudy day.
Top dressing of beetroot
In order to grow a delicious table beet on the beds, planting and care in the open ground presuppose organic dressing. From the mineral compounds in the fruits can form voids. Features of beet growing: top dressing:
- After the first thinning, the plant needs strengths to develop rosettes. To do this, at the beginning of its growth, nitrogen fertilizers are required: a solution of the usual bird droppings 1:10 or Mullein 1: 8 - 12 liters of bolt per 1 m 2 . It is inserted into the grooves made at a distance of 5 cm from the shoots. If the fruit becomes the size of a walnut, the nitrogen in it accumulates already in the form of nitrates.
- When the tops on the sprouts will close, you need to make potash feeds: spread the wood ash (1 st at 1.5 m 2 ) and water the pad.
- Boron is a valuable element for fruits. With its lack, root crops are covered with brown spots. In summer, in a cloudy weather, the water is sprinkled with dilute boric acid - 5 g per 10 liters of water.
Diseases and pests of beets
Healthy culture leaves have a shiny surface without spots. The appearance of uncharacteristic fungal manifestations, white, gray, black raids, yellow, brown tan marks the disease of beets. The plant can affect powdery mildew , phorosis, brown or root rot. The best way is to treat the bushes with fungicidal drugs - Phytosporin or Bordeaux mixture at a concentration of 1%.
Of parasites, summer cottagers are often molested by beetroot flies, aphids, fleas, shchitovidki, scoops. The best method of prevention from pests will be systematic weeding of the rows, deep autumn digging. When aphids appear, get rid of it will help the solution of onion husks, the drug Iskra . Flies can be removed by Carbophos, and the fleas disappear after irrigation of the above-ground foliage with ash infusion. With scoops, a bacterial 1% solution of bitoxybacillin or 0.5% of homelin will help. The use of repelling agents Shining and Baikal increases the immunity of plants to parasites.