Decorative delphinium many ancient Greeks was named after a young sculptor who revived with the help of a beautiful flower statue of the deceased beloved. Now the plant, which absorbed the blue of the sea and the heavenly blue, is a symbol of love and adorns the gardens and flower beds around the world.
Delphinium for many years in landscape design
Bright delphinium in the garden is used as a soloist in group or single plantings. It can be used in the following compositions:
- the flower delphinium is harmonious for many years when it is adjacent to lilies, roses, clematis, ornamental shrubs - chubushnik, barberry;
- The culture is high, so it is often used in the background to mask unsightly places in the garden;
- shorter flowers (geychery, cuffs, hosts, vareyniki) will be good partners for the delphinium, which is tall, but practically has no leaves;
- if you plant a liveliness (the national name of the plant) on both sides of the alley, you will get a beautiful living wall in the garden;
- Delphinium looks great against the background of green coniferous trees.
Types of the perennial delphinium
The garden delphinium belongs to the family of buttercups for many years. Its height ranges from 40 cm to 2 m, the main advantage of the bush - charming flowers. They have different shades - white, blue, violet, collected in high pyramidal cobs. Inside the flowers there are two petals, contrasting with the sepals ("eyes"), which attract insects. There are many varieties of briskness - simple and terry. They all have a vivid individuality, differ in the height of the stems and the colors of the petals. Plants are divided into groups at the place of origin.
Delphinium for many years - popular varieties:
- New Zealand group. Characterized by high growth - up to 2.3 m, large terry and semimouse buds (8-10 cm in diameter), some species have corrugated petals. Flowers are frost-resistant, resistant to diseases, are now very popular.
- The Scottish. They are distinguished by thick inflorescences of super-double and double buds. With a stem height of 1.5 m, the cob with beautiful rosettes reaches 80 cm in length. Scots have a wide color palette - from snow-white, blue to pink and brick-red. They are durable and unpretentious.
- The Marfin. The plants are 1.6-2 m in size, have high frost resistance and decorativeness. Flowers - large, semi-double, have contrasting "eyes".
Delphinium for many years - landing
For cultivation of the perennial delphinium, slightly shaded, protected from the wind, areas with fertile loamy soil with a neutral reaction. It is recommended to fertilize the planting sites with wood ash. Too bright sun helps reduce the flowering period of the crop. Delphinium is short or tall perennial planted through seedlings, which can be purchased or independently obtained from seeds. The second way is more profitable and fascinating - so you can control the entire process of plant appearance.
How to plant a delphinium for many years?
After flowering in dry weather, brown fruits are harvested from the stems. They are stored in the refrigerator until spring. How to plant a delphinium for many years:
- Before planting the seeds are disinfected - in a tissue bag they are placed for 20 minutes in a solution of manganese. Then rinse with warm water and overnight pour solution Epin (2 drops per 120 ml of water). Then the seeds can be dried.
- Prepared soil - mixed hum ( compost ), peat, garden soil plus sand in a concentration of 1: 1: 1: 0.5. Perlite in an amount of 0.5 glass per 5 liters of the mixture will increase the looseness and moisture capacity of the substrate. Prepared soil can be kept in a water bath for 60 minutes to destroy spores of mushrooms and weeds.
- Often, the planting is carried out in special containers for seedlings. Seeds are laid on the surface of the soil, the substrate is covered with a layer of 4 mm, the container is covered with a dark film and placed on a window sill.
When to plant a delphinium for many years?
It is necessary to choose the right time for a perennial delphinium when growing from seeds: when to plant them on seedlings in containers, and when - to open ground. When growing sprouts in indoor conditions, gardeners are advised to sow material from late February to May. But the most favorable month for cultivation of sprouts is March. In addition to spring planting seedlings, there are terms for placing seeds directly in the open ground: summer (June-July), autumn (October-November). Such granules will have time to form on 2-3 leaves and successfully overwinter in the ground.
How to grow a delphinium for many years?
Further care consists in caring for the seedlings. Delphinium for many years - the correct growing of seedlings:
- The temperature regime for germination is + 10-15 ° C. A few days after sowing, the container with seeds can be placed in the refrigerator - conditions up to -6 ° C will not bring seedlings harm;
- after a couple of weeks the container is put back on the windowsill. Such manipulations are called stratification, they increase the germination of seeds;
- the soil is periodically moistened, the container is ventilated. After 1-2 weeks the seeds will germinate, the film should be removed immediately;
- healthy seedlings look rich green, have pointed cotyledons. After the shoots appear 2-3 leaves, they are transplanted into pots with a volume of 200 ml, podraschivayut at 20deg; C;
- watering planting is moderate, so that there is no excess moisture, since there is a risk of the disease "Black Leg" ;
- seedlings are twice fed with the drug "Agricola" or "Rastvorin" with a periodicity of two weeks.
Delphinium is a long-term transplant
About the readiness of the flowers for transplantation is indicated by their root system - the pot must be completely braided by it. Such seedlings can be placed in the open ground, when transplanting delphinium perennial will become safe and past the threat of frosts - around the end of May. Rules of landing:
- The site is dug from autumn with peat or manure. In the spring - re-treatment, as a fertilizer used 40 g of ammonium sulfate, 50 g of potassium salt, 60 g of superphosphate per 1 m 2 . You can plant seedlings in a couple of days;
- seedlings are placed in wells with a diameter of 40 cm and a depth of 50 cm, at a distance of 60-70 cm from each other;
- for the first time the seedling is best covered with a plastic bottle, after it goes into growth - it can be removed.
How to multiply a delphinium for many years?
There are two ways of multiplying a perennial delphinium:
- Division of the bush. You can resort to this method for the third year of plant life. Do this in early spring before the appearance of the first shoots or August after flowering. Rules for dividing the bush:
- To dig up the rhizome, cut off the rotted and withered parts;
- divide the plant into two halves, in each of them one or several powerful shoots must remain;
- the separated parts of the flower should be planted in a pot;
- in 2-3 weeks, after the bush gets stronger, it can be placed in the open ground - before winter, it will have time to settle down.
- the plant is not excavated, just young shoots are cut with a sharp knife together with a piece of rhizome;
- the shoots are placed in a box with sand to a depth of 2-3 cm;
- two weeks of cuttings are sprayed, covered from direct sunlight;
- After three weeks, the root system of the cuttings will harden, and the plant can be moved from the box to the pots, then planted in the open ground.
Pikirovka delphinium perennial
Seedlings of the delphinium are dived , after the plant has 2-3 full leaflets. It is best to take peat cups with a volume of 200-300 ml and a diameter of 9 cm for the transplant. The flower is dived together with a lump from the box, so that the risk to the roots is minimal. The substrate for cultivation should be light, since a long-term dolphinium grows best in soils with good breathable properties.
Diseases of the perennial delphinium
The garden delphinium is a long-term one, for which growing and caring is carried out with violations of agricultural technology, can be sick or subjected to pest attacks. The main problems in cultivation:
- Powdery mildew. It is a fungal infection that covers the leaves with a white coating. At occurrence it is necessary to irrigate a bush with the foundation or composition "Topaz".
- Black spotting. Appears in the lower part of the stems, at an early stage it is necessary to spray the plant with tetracycline (1 capsule per 1 liter of water).
- Ring spot. It covers the leaves with yellow markings. It is a virus that can not be got rid of - the affected bushes need to be removed.
- Aphid. For the prevention of the plant sprayed with "Carbophos" or "Actellikom."
- Slugs. They are frightened off by the smell of lime, which is placed in containers between the bushes.
- Delphinium fly. She lays eggs in the inflorescences, fighting insecticides with her.
Care of the perennial delphinium
The garden delphinium is a long, unpretentious, planting and caring for it include feeding, watering, gartering and thinning bushes. In one place the culture lives up to 10 years, then it needs to be transplanted. Important stages of care:
- After the stems reach 50 cm, they are strengthened with supports, so that the plant does not break from the wind. Near the bush set the slats, fix the shoots with strips of tissue.
- Thinning the delphinium for many years after the plant reaches a size of 20-30 cm. In the bush leave 3-5 strong stems, remove the shoots inside the plant near the ground - they are the weakest. The procedure protects the bush from disease and allows better air circulation.
- In autumn, after flowering, the aerial part of the plant is cut to a height of 20-25 cm. Thus, the root collar is protected from decay.
Dolphinium plant for many years - top dressing
The flower delphinium is fed for a season three times:
- after the seedlings grow to 10-15 cm, they are fertilized with a mixture of mullein - manure and water in a ratio of 1:10;
- During budding, 50 g of superphosphate and 40 g of potassium are added to 1 m 2 of soil. Preparations are mixed, scattered under the bush and deepened by 5-6 cm;
- in August the bush is fed 60 g superphosphate, 15 grams of ammonium nitrate, 30 g of potassium chloride and 40 g of ammonium sulfate.
Delphinium for many years - watering
Decorative delphinium is a long-term - moisture-loving culture. During the season, each plant consumes up to 65 liters of water. It must be ensured that the soil under it is always moist. Therefore, under the bush poured a few buckets of water every week. If the soil dries, it is loosened to a depth of 4-5 cm. During the formation of the inflorescences, the culture is particularly in need of watering so that no patches without rosettes are formed in the hands. Delphinium short, many years must be moistened especially carefully under the root. Water should not fall on the foliage, otherwise a burn may occur.