In general, a diverticulum is a kind of protrusion of the walls of hollow bodies. Accordingly, the diverticulum of the bladder is a deepening in the form of a kind of sac in the wall of the bladder. This disease is called a diverticulosis of the bladder.
The cavity of the diverticulum is connected to the bladder by the neck. The formation of a diverticulum leads to stagnation of urine, which, in turn, leads to the development of various kinds of inflammation (pyelonephritis, cystitis), hydronephrosis, the formation of stones .
Diverticulum of the bladder is more common in the male half of the population, while in women, diverticulum of the urethra is more often found. Diverticulum can be true and false (pseudodiverticul of the bladder). The diverticulum of the true wall is of the same layers as the walls of the bladder.
The walls of the pseudodiverticle are the mucous membrane, protruding through the muscle fibers as a hernia.
The causes of the formation of a diverticulum of the bladder
Diverticulum can be from birth, and can develop during a person's life. Diverticulum congenital arises as a consequence of a dysembriogenetic abnormality of the wall of the bladder. The reason for the appearance of the diverticulum acquired is a prolonged increase in pressure inside the bladder, overstretch of its wall, divergence of the muscle fibers.
A favorable soil for the development of diverticulum is constant straining during the process of urination, leading to stretching and weakening of the wall of the bladder. This condition can also occur with sclerosis of the neck of the bladder, prostate adenoma, urethral stricture .
Treatment of a diverticulum of a bladder
If the diverticulum is small, does not cause dysuric symptoms and recurring inflammations, then doctors do not recommend touching it and just watching it.
In those situations where the diverticulum is large, the patient is determined by residual urine, stones, tumors, there is compression of a number of located organs, the patient is shown an operation to remove the diverticulum of the bladder.
Surgery for bladder diverticulum can be performed both in an open and endoscopic manner. Most often, for complete excision of the diverticulum, an open operation is performed. First open the front wall of the bladder, find the diverticulum and cut it off. The wound is sewn up and drained.
Endoscopic surgery is done for the purpose of plasticizing the neck of the diverticulum. During this process, the canal of the diverticulum cavity dissects to connect it to the bladder.