The gallbladder plays an important role in the body, since the bile stored in it contributes to normal digestion. Removal of the gallbladder by laparoscopy is an extreme measure, and resort to it only if other methods are ineffective. The operation is characterized by safety and efficiency. It allows you to remove a bubble with minimal damage and stress for the body.
Laparoscopy for the removal of the gallbladder
Today, laparoscopy can be prescribed for any form of cholelithiasis. However, before taking a decision on its conduct, each case is thoroughly studied for the presence of any contraindications. The operation is prescribed when:
- mechanical jaundice ;
- attacks of acute cholecystitis (more than two days);
- cholecystolithiasis (calcification).
In this case, an important place is the diagnosis of diseases and the detection of stones in the bladder. Why use the ultrasound of the peritoneum, which, in addition to the stones, reveals a polyposis that is threatened with a tumor condition.
Preparatory measures for the removal of the gallbladder with laparoscopy include:
- examination of the patient;
- carrying out a coagulogram;
- the doctor's examination of necessary tests for syphilis, HIV, hepatitis;
- assessment of possible ways of treatment.
After studying the patient's condition and assessing possible risks, the doctor decides to conduct the operation. Before laparoscopy, it is forbidden to eat food and liquid for six hours, and the enema is carried out the night before. Ten days before the procedure, it is necessary to stop taking such medicines as:
- Aspirin;
- Anticoagulants;
- vitamin E;
- NSAIDs.
The main stages of the operation include such actions:
- Before the removal of the gallbladder with laparoscopy, the patient is given anesthesia.
- Near the navel, the doctor performs a small incision through which nitrogen and carbon dioxide will be introduced.
- In the peritoneum, another incision is made, through which the instruments and a camera are introduced, which makes it possible to determine the location of the organ.
- If a stone is found, the doctor decides on their extraction.
- At the final stage, stitches are applied.
- After about an hour the patient wakes up, and after a couple of days he can go home.
It is worth noting that during the operation the specialist can determine the different ways of extracting the stones. In this case, the doctor removes stones in one of the following ways:
- using a special telescope;
- with the help of an open operation;
- after the end of the laparoscopy of the gallbladder begins another operation of a minimally invasive type.
Consequences after removal of the gallbladder by laparoscopy
The sensations of discomfort are observed within two months after the procedure. In the first days of the patient disturb:
- biliary colic;
- dry mouth;
- chills;
- flatulence and dysbiosis;
- violation of the digestive process;
- pain in the right hypochondrium;
- eructation.
In chronic course of such ailments as gastritis, stomach ulcer or pancreatitis, their exacerbation is observed.
In severe cases, there may be:
- intra-abdominal hemorrhage;
- inflammation in the peritoneum;
- bile flow;
- hepatic abscesses.
Diet after removal of the gallbladder by laparoscopy
During the recovery period it is important to follow all the doctor's instructions. The basic rules are based on adherence to a strict diet:
- During the first day after the operation, you can take only water.
- The patient is then allowed to drink a raw quail egg, jelly or mors.
Subsequently, you should follow a diet that implies:
- refusal from fatty, smoked, salted;
- Exclusion from the diet of eggs, mushrooms, soda, alcohol;
- calorie counting of products;
- consumption of cottage cheese, kefir, boiled vegetables, fish, cereals.