Our brain is constantly engaged in some reasoning - it draws conclusions from the past, from the learned, from the supposed. All these conclusions are inference, a logical result of the thought act. The inference appears as the highest form of thinking , combining judgments and concepts in oneself.
Correctness of inferences
They say that the correctness of our inferences lies in testing time, logic, and science. This, the so-called "lice" test, because when Galileo said that "all the same, the Earth is spinning," he could not prove it. His phrase is an excellent example of reasoning.
But if you approach the issue from a scientific point of view, inferences can still be checked here and now (theoretically). Their correctness depends on the correctness of the assumptions and structural parts of the conclusions. From the right one, one must assume, it must also turn out to be the right one.
Judgment and reasoning
Judgment and inference are two closely related types of thinking. The inference is generated from the initial judgments, and the result of the process of reasoning over these judgments is the birth of a new judgment - withdrawal or conclusion.
Types of inferences
One should look at the three components of any logical inference:
- knowledge-promise;
- substantiating knowledge;
- conclusion - conclusion.
Depending on the type of reasoning, the process of reasoning will be slightly different, but the three connected links will remain unchanged.
In deductive reasoning, the conclusion is the result of the course of thoughts from the general to the particular.
In inductive generalizations are applied from the quotient to the general.
In analogy, the property of objects and phenomena is used to have common, similar characteristics.
Difference: Judgment - Concept - Inference
Three forms of thinking, namely, concept, judgment and inference are often confused with each other for no good reason.
A concept is an idea of the general property of phenomena and objects.
Judgment is the mapping of the properties of objects and phenomena, their comparison, denial or confirmation of the presence of these properties. For example, a proposition is the statement that "every planet of the solar system revolves around its axis."
As for the conclusion, we have already talked about this kind of thinking. Inference is a conclusion - the birth of a new thought based on previously accumulated knowledge.