Perception is a kind of reflection of things and situations of reality. Here the important role is played by the age of the perceiving individual. Perception helps to form a holistic image of the subject. In psychology, this phenomenon allows you to find out how a person sees the situation and what conclusions he draws from communicating with the world around him.
What is perception?
Perception is a cognitive function that helps in the formation of an individual perception of the world. Perception is a reflection of a phenomenon or object, it is the core biological process of the human psyche . Such a function is acquired through the sense organs involved in the formation of a personalized holistic image of the object. It affects the analyzers with a whole series of perceptual sensations.
Perception is a popular subject of psychological research. In simple words, such a reflection of reality means understanding, cognition, the formation in the consciousness of a holistic image of some phenomenon. Perception can not exist without separate sensations, but it is an essentially different process. For example, you can just hear sounds, or listen carefully, you can just see or purposefully watch, watch.
Types of perception
Depending on the organs of perception, perception can be:
- Visually . The movement of the human eye is spasmodic, so a person processes the information received. But when it stops, the process of visual perception begins. This kind of perception is influenced by the previously developed stereotype. For example, if a person is accustomed to run through the text all the time with his eyes, it will be difficult for him to learn how to deeply study the material in the future. He may not notice the big paragraphs of the text, and then when the poll is answered, that they were not at all in the book.
- Tactile . This function is responsible for the adjustment, control and correction of working movements of the hands. This kind of perception is based on tactile, temperature and kinetic sensations. But the organ of perception in this case is a hand that helps to know the individual signs of the object with the help of feeling.
- Auditory . In the auditory perception in man, an important place is occupied by the phonemic and rhythmic-melodic systems. The human ear, unlike the animal, is much more complex, richer and more mobile. This understanding actively uses the motor component, but such a component is isolated in a special separate system. For example, singing with a voice for a musical ear and speaking for a verbal hearing.
In addition to the above types of perception, there are two more in which information is reflected not through the senses, but through understanding:
- Spaces, distances, distances, directions of objects located from us and from each other.
- Time is the duration, speed and sequence of events. Each person has his own internal clock, which rarely coincides with the daily rhythm. And so that a person can perceive this rhythm, he uses additional external signs and analyzers.
The law of perception
Perception is the sensuous display of an object or phenomenon. Communication as perception is a mechanism for its beginning, since any process of communication begins with the perception of people by each other. And the process of perception, according to the laws of social perception, is built in the form of judgments about the object. The famous psychologist NN Lange developed a special law of perception, according to which perception is a quick change of a certain generalized perception of an object more concrete.
Perception in philosophy
Perception in philosophy is a sensory understanding, a reflection of things in consciousness through the senses. This concept has several categories:
- Internal perception, through which a person realizes where his limbs are, he sits or stands, is he suppressed, hungry or tired.
- External perception, for which vision, hearing, touch, smell, taste are used.
- Mixed perception, which manifests itself through emotion or caprice.
What is perception in psychology?
Perception in psychology is the mental function of cognition. With the help of such a perception, a person can mentally form a whole image of the object. In other words, this reflection of reality is a unique sensory display that is formed by:
- motivation;
- installation;
- experience;
- personal characteristics of the perceiver;
- knowledge of the world through the prism of understanding one's own "I".
Social Perception
Social perception is a holistic understanding of social objects. She studies the manners of behavior between people with different levels of development. In order to be able to understand and understand another person, there are certain mechanisms of social perception, they are represented:
- identification, when a person begins to behave, in such a way that, in his opinion, his interlocutor could behave;
- empathy , when a person copies the emotional mood of the interlocutor;
- an attraction that manifests itself in the form of love or friendship;
- reflexion, when a person begins to see himself through the eyes of the interlocutor;
- stereotyping, when a person perceives his interlocutor as part of a social group, community;
- causal attribution, when a person is endowed with certain qualities in accordance with his actions.
Gender peculiarities of perception
Perceptual effects are certain features that prevent an adequate perception of each other by partners. In science they are represented:
- Primacy, which is manifested when you meet;
- novelty, which manifests itself in the emergence of new important information;
- halo, which is manifested when exaggerating the positive or negative qualities of a partner.