Under such an operation as stenting of the heart vessels, in cardiology it is accepted to understand the prosthetics of the cardiac arteries. The need for this surgical intervention arises for various reasons. Let us examine the process in more detail, the manipulation itself, we will name the testimony to it, we list the violations in which the operation is not carried out.
Indications for stenting of the heart vessels
The stent itself is a kind of skeleton made of metal. Enter it into vessels whose diameter does not correspond to the required norm. The cause of their narrowing are plaques (accumulation of adipose tissue cells attached to the inner wall of the artery). As they increase, the blood circulation in the cardiac arteries worsens. As a result, the concentration of oxygen and nutrients supplying the organ decreases, which leads to angina pectoris. Immediate indications for the appointment of an operative intervention are:
- Dying of the heart muscle - myocardial infarction, stenting of the heart vessels in which reduces the consequences of the disorder, restoring the blood supply to the damaged part of the organ.
- Unstable angina . With such violations of the operation, those cases when there is hemodynamic (violation of blood flow) and electrical instability (violation of contractility of muscle fibers) are subject to surgery.
- Ischemic heart disease . With this disease, the operation of stenting the heart vessels corrects and restores the correct blood flow.
Stenting of the heart vessels - contraindications
Absolute contraindications in order to conduct heart stenting, does not exist. But before making a decision about surgery, the doctor conducts a comprehensive examination, determines the presence of chronic processes in the body. In this case, surgical intervention does not try to carry out with:
- acute and chronic renal failure;
- gastrointestinal bleeding;
- febrile state;
- chronic infection;
- uncontrolled arterial hypertension;
- anaphylactic reaction to the administration of contrast medium;
- violation of the processes of blood clotting.
How does cardiac stenting take place?
In itself, the operation "stenting" refers to minimally invasive. Surgeons do not make extensive incisions. Access is through one of the major arteries. Often, doctors use the femoral artery in the groin for this. In the intended place, a puncture is made, through which a special tube is inserted, which is a kind of conduit for the introduction of other instruments. They call it an introducer. It leads to a special long catheter, which is brought directly to the damaged area.
Already on the catheter to the necessary area, the stent is brought in, which surrounds the tight balloon in the folded form. After the doctor was convinced that the can is in the right segment, a contrast is injected into it, which is clearly visible on the X-ray apparatus. As a result, the stent is delivered directly to the vessel constriction region. Under pressure, it is forced into the walls of the artery, where he remains for life. There is a change in the lumen, which completely restores hemodynamics, gradually reducing the load on the heart muscle. Stenting of the heart vessels is carried out. Patients feel better health, less frequency of attacks.
Pain after stenting
After the coronary stenting of the heart vessels is carried out, the patient remains in the hospital for a certain time. The first 3-5 days can be recorded malovyrazhennye, unpleasant sensations in the puncture area. Doctors restrict the movement of the patient, prescribing bed rest, stopping the development of bleeding from the punctured artery. About a week after the stenting of the heart vessels during an infarction, they are allowed to leave the clinic.
Complications after stenting of the heart vessels
With a high qualification of a surgeon, having many years of experience, the negative consequences of surgery are minimized. But in some cases after stenting can be fixed:
- blockage of the artery subjected to surgical intervention;
- violation of the integrity of the vessel during the procedure;
- formation of a hematoma at the puncture site;
- development of bleeding;
- an allergic reaction to contrast.
It should be noted that there are burdening conditions and disorders, in the presence of which the probability of complications increases. It:
- kidney disease;
- diabetes;
- disruption of the blood coagulation system.
Drugs after stenting of the heart vessels
To begin with, it must be said that all appointments are performed exclusively by the doctor, who indicates the drug, the frequency, dosage and duration of its use. In this case, a woman must strictly follow them. Medications after stenting of the heart vessels are prescribed as follows:
- When using a simple stent from metal for at least one month, take Aspirin Cardio and Plavix. The drugs contribute to the liquefaction of blood, excluding the formation of thrombi. Dosage is selected by doctors. Often prescribe 300 mg of Aspirin per day and 75 mg of Plavix.
- If a drug-eluting stent was used, Ticagrelor may be prescribed instead of Plavix, 90 mg twice a day.
Stenting the heart - how many live after the operation?
The main issue of interest to patients who underwent such a surgical intervention concerns how much they live after stenting. Doctors notice that the procedure itself is effective in 80% of cases. In some situations, the reverse process is noted, when the operated vessel again tapers through time. With the development of new stents, this phenomenon is less common. In general, the patients themselves note that life after stenting the coronary vessels of the heart becomes better: soreness, seizures disappear. Regarding the duration of it, doctors notice that such an operation adds an average of 10 years.
Life after stenting of the heart vessels
Many patients note that life after stenting is gradually improving. Reduces fatigue, - the body, the cardiovascular system, copes better with the loads, oxygen with blood is delivered in the required volume to organs and tissues. But it is worth considering that the patients who underwent stenting of the heart vessels, are compelled to observe a certain regimen, diet, especially at the first time. Restorative therapy plays an important role in the rehabilitation process, being an integral part of it.
Rehabilitation after stenting
Within a week after the stenting of the coronary arteries, the patient is restricted to physical activity. In addition, baths are contraindicated, - only the shower should be allowed to take. Approximately 2 months doctors recommend not to drive a car. The remaining moments relate directly to the observance of proper nutrition, the exclusion from the diet of fatty, fried foods, foods rich in cholesterol.
Diet after stenting
Postponed coronary stenting, doctors strongly recommend to monitor the daily diet. For starters, fatty grades of meat, semi-finished products, sausages are completely excluded. In this case, doctors advise to limit butter, dairy products. The content of carbohydrates in the diet should also be kept to a minimum. Prohibited are:
- confectionery;
- White bread;
- carbonated sweet drinks.
The basis should be fresh fruit, products containing vegetable oils, seafood. Also, doctors advise to increase the content of products that prevent atherosclerosis:
- sea kale;
- whole-grain;
- black bread with bran;
- nuts;
- poultry meat.
Physical stress after stenting of the heart vessels
The volume of loads after the stenting of the coronary vessels is performed is calculated individually. The patient fully complies with the recommendations received and the doctor's instructions. In this case, controlled and uncontrolled trainings are conducted (carried out at home). During the classes in the medical institution, doctors continuously monitor the frequency of cardiac contractions and arterial pressure. The stenting of the heart vessels to patients is assigned to at least 4-5 sessions of dynamic physical activity per week.
In the absence of complications, complaints can be prescribed LFK, walking with acceleration (6-8 km per day). If there are conditions and opportunities to visit sports facilities, doctors are recommended to do fast recovery:
- swimming;
- riding a bicycle;
- jogging.
As for the postoperative period with the stenting of the heart vessels, which lasts 1-1.5 months, doctors recommend eliminating excessive physical exertion. Do not allow to lift heavy objects, weighing 15 kg or more, to engage in power combat. Gradually increasing the intensity of physical exertion, patients will be able to return to their previous occupations, they will better tolerate heavy physical exercises.