The first and second signal systems

Some people do not think about what processes occur in their brain, when they, for example, hear the word "lemon" and automatically for a fraction of a second represent its taste qualities, appearance, etc. Actually, for the connection of the higher nervous system as human, and animal, with the surrounding world, the signal system responds.

The first and second signal systems are their essence

The first signal system exists both in the structure of man and animal. And the second - only in humans. This is due to the fact that each person is able to form, regardless of circumstances, a certain image. For example, any spoken word can cause a corresponding image in human memory (the second signal system). And the presence of the first signal system speaks for itself, if there is increased salivation.

Let's consider in more detail each of the signal systems:
  1. So, the first signal system helps a person to perceive the environment. Common to an animal and a person is the ability to analyze and synthesize certain signals, phenomena from the external environment, the objects that make up this system. The first signal system of a human being, an animal, is a complex of certain reflexes in response to an irritant (sound, light, etc.). It is carried out with the help of special receptors, which convert signals from reality into a certain image. Analyzers of this first signal system are sensory organs. With their help, excitations are transmitted to the hemispheres of the brain.
  2. The second signal system gave a new principle to the development of the human brain. With the help of this kind of man is able to think with the help of abstract concepts or images. This signal system is the basis for the formation of verbal-logical thinking and knowledge about the world around us.

It should be noted that this signal is the highest regulator of people's behavior. In this it prevails over the first and partially suppresses her. The first signal system provides, to a certain extent, the activity of the second signaling system.

Both systems are associated with the functioning of subcortical centers. That is, each person is able to consciously suspend unconditioned reflex reactions, restraining the manifestations of some of his instincts and emotions.

So, both systems in human life play an important role and both are closely interrelated with each other. The functioning of another signal system depends on the correct functioning of one signal system.