Over the past decades, routine vaccination is almost not controlled by the state, so many prefer not to conduct it. Some diseases, including tetanus and diphtheria, are very rare. For this reason, infection seems impossible, and people neglect prophylaxis.
Do I need a vaccine against diphtheria and tetanus?
Opinions about the vaccination were divided. Most qualified specialists insist on the need for its implementation, but there are also adherents of naturalistic theory who believe that the immune system is able to cope with the infections on its own. Do the parents of the child or the patient decide if the vaccine is from a diphtheria and tetanus, if he is already an adult.
The likelihood of contracting these diseases is very low due to improved sanitary and hygienic living conditions and collective immunity. The latter was formed because the vaccination against diphtheria and tetanus was massively used for many decades. The number of people with antibodies to infection exceeds the population without them, this prevents epidemics.
Why are diphtheria and tetanus dangerous?
The first indicated pathology is a very infectious bacterial lesion, which is provoked by Loeffler's bacillus. Diphtheria bacillus secretes a large number of toxins that cause the buildup of dense films in the oropharynx and bronchi. This leads to obstruction of the airways and croup, rapidly progressing (15-30 minutes) into asphyxia. Without emergency assistance, a fatal outcome comes from suffocation.
You can not get tetanus. The causative agent of acute bacterial disease (Clostridium tetani stick) enters the body by contact, through deep skin lesions with the formation of a wound without access to oxygen. The main thing is how dangerous a tetanus is for a man - a fatal outcome. Clostridium tetani releases a potent toxin that causes severe seizures, paralysis of the heart muscle and respiratory organs.
Vaccination against diphtheria and tetanus - consequences
Unpleasant symptoms after the introduction of a prophylactic is the norm, not a pathology. The vaccine against tetanus and diphtheria (ADP) does not contain living bacteria-pathogens. In its composition, only their purified toxins are present in the minimum concentrations sufficient to initiate the formation of immunity. There is no proven fact of occurrence of dangerous consequences when using ADP.
Vaccination against diphtheria and tetanus - contraindications
There are cases when vaccination should simply be postponed, and situations in which it will have to be abandoned. Vaccination from diphtheria and tetanus is transferred if:
- the person was ill with tuberculosis, hepatitis, meningitis for a year;
- less than 2 months after the introduction of any other vaccine;
- immunosuppressive therapy;
- in the patient of acute respiratory disease, ARVI, recurrence of a chronic disease.
Exclude the use of ADS is necessary when intolerance of any components of the drug and the presence of immunodeficiency. Ignoring the medical recommendations will lead to the fact that after vaccination of tetanus-diphtheria, the body can not produce enough antibodies to neutralize toxins. For this reason, it is important to consult with the therapist before the procedure and make sure there are no contraindications.
Types of vaccines for diphtheria and tetanus
Vaccinations differ in the active ingredients that enter into their composition. There are medicines only from diphtheria and tetanus, and complex solutions that additionally protect against pertussis, poliomyelitis and other pathologies. Multicomponent injections are indicated for administration to children and those adults who are vaccinated for the first time. In public clinics one target vaccine against tetanus and diphtheria is used - the name of the ADS or ADS-m. Import analogue is the Dipet Dr. For children and unvaccinated adults, DTP is recommended, or its complex synonyms:
- Priority;
- Infanriks;
- Pentaxim.
How is diphtheria and tetanus vaccinated?
Lifetime immunity to the described diseases is not formed, even if a person has been ill with them. The concentration of antibodies in the blood to the dangerous toxins of bacteria gradually decreases. For this reason, the tetanus and diphtheria vaccine is repeated at regular intervals. If you miss a planned prevention, you will have to act according to the scheme of primary medication administration.
Vaccination against tetanus and diphtheria - when do?
Vaccination is carried out throughout the life of a person, beginning with the infant age. The first vaccine against diphtheria and tetanus is put in at 3 months, after which it is repeated twice more every 45 days. The following revaccinations are carried out at this age:
- 1,5 years;
- 6-7 years;
- 14-15 years.
Adult people are vaccinated against diphtheria and tetanus every 10 years. To maintain the activity of the immune system against these diseases, doctors recommend revaccination at 25, 35, 45 and 55 years. If more than the allotted time has passed since the last drug administration, 3 consecutive injections should be made, similar to the age of 3 months.
How to prepare for vaccination?
Special measures are not required before vaccination. Primary or planned inoculation from diphtheria and tetanus to children is performed after a preliminary examination by a pediatrician or a therapist, body temperature and pressure measurements. At the discretion of the doctor, general tests of blood, urine and feces are taken. If all physiological indicators are normal, a vaccine is introduced.
Diphtheria and tetanus - vaccination, where do they do it?
For proper digestion of the body's solution and activation of the immune system, the prick is made into a well-developed muscle without a large amount of adipose tissue around, so the buttocks in this case are not suitable. Babies are injected mainly in the thigh. Adults are being vaccinated against tetanus and diphtheria under the scapula. Less often the prick is performed in the shoulder muscle, provided it is of sufficient size and development.
Vaccination from diphtheria and tetanus - side effects
Negative symptoms after the introduction of the vaccine presented are very rare, in most situations it is tolerated well. Vaccination for children from diphtheria and tetanus is sometimes accompanied by local reactions in the area of injection:
- reddening of the epidermis;
- puffiness in the zone of drug administration;
- compaction under the skin;
- slight soreness;
- increased body temperature;
- profuse sweating;
- coryza;
- dermatitis;
- cough;
- itching;
- otitis.
The listed problems disappear on their own within 1-3 days. To facilitate the condition, you can consult a doctor about symptomatic treatment. In adults, there is a similar reaction to diphtheria-tetanus vaccination, but there may be additional side effects:
- headache;
- retardation;
- drowsiness;
- a violation of appetite;
- stool disorders;
- nausea and vomiting.
Vaccination of diphtheria-tetanus - complications after vaccination
The above-mentioned negative phenomena are considered a variant of the normal response of the immune system to the introduction of bacterial toxins. The high temperature after vaccination against tetanus and diphtheria is indicative not of the inflammatory process, but of the isolation of antibodies to pathogenic substances. Serious and dangerous consequences occur only in cases where the rules for preparation for the use of the vaccine or recommendations for the recovery period have not been met.
Vaccination of diphtheria-tetanus complications provokes when:
- allergies to any of its components;
- presence of contraindications to the introduction of the drug;
- secondary infection of the wound;
- hit the needle in the nerve tissue.
Severe consequences of improper vaccination:
- anaphylactic shock;
- angioedema ;
- convulsions;
- encephalopathy;
- neuralgia.