Realizing that abilities are necessary for a full life in society, work, earnings, from the very birth of the child, parents carefully develop their skills. Later, when a child grows up, he starts automatically developing his own abilities , having got used to the inalienability of this process.
Classification
In psychology, abilities are subdivided into congenital and social. More precisely, not the abilities themselves, but their makings. It is believed that each ability develops from a deposit that can be transferred genetically, and can be learned in society. As for the genetic nature of human abilities, the science of psychology holds the opinion that the hereditary deposit is the type of the nervous system, the brain activity that determines how a person reacts to the world around and inside himself, as he does in spontaneous situations.
The social abilities of a person are higher skills that are not inherent in animals. These include artistic taste, musical, linguistic talents. To form these abilities, psychology identifies a number of prerequisites.
1. The presence of society, the socio-cultural environment from which the child will draw, and absorb social skills.
2. Lack of ability to use objects of everyday life and the need to learn this. Here you need to clarify something. In psychology, even the ability can act as a deposit. In other words, in order to know higher mathematics, one needs to master elementary knowledge in this subject. Thus, elementary sciences will serve as a deposit for knowledge of higher mathematics.
3. Means of teaching and upbringing. The conditions for the development of abilities in psychology consist in the existence of a kind of "teacher" in the life of a person - this is the seed, friends, relatives, etc. That is, people who can give him their knowledge.
4. In other words, a child can not be born a genius composer. The algorithm of its "transformation" will look like this:
- natural "deposit" - a well-developed hearing aid;
- ability - manifested in the form of an excellent auditory analyzer;
- becoming - if there are abilities, a child can write to music lessons;
- inherent qualities - diligence, discipline, dedication in the course of training can make him a genius composer.
But, of course, psychology does not make of this algorithm the abilities of man and their development of dogma.
A small "but"
On the other hand, it would be foolish to refute the existence of a certain rightness in Plato's judgments. The philosopher believed that the abilities are inherited genetically, their manifestation also depends on inherited traits of character, and training can only accelerate the manifestation of abilities or expand their range. Plato believed that learning can not fundamentally change the already innate skills. Modern adherents of this theory cite Mozart, Raphael and Van Dake as genuinely brilliant people whose talents unfolded in early childhood, when the learning could not so much affect the manifestation of abilities.
Interaction search
If the opponents of Plato's theory are appealing by the fact that if one approaches the matter in this way, then there is no need to study, at that time, other minds are looking for their theories and their confirmation. So, for example, in psychology there is a theory that the abilities of the individual depend on the mass of the brain.
Another point of view was in Franz Gall. The cerebral cortex is a collection of different centers that are responsible for our abilities. If the ability is well developed, then this center has a larger size. So, this manifests itself in the shape of the human skull. This science was called frenology, and Gall found the "bends" of the skull, which speak of abilities for music, poetry, languages, etc.