Anuria - what is this?

Kidney disorders associated with impairment of the function of excretion and urine formation are certainly a direct threat to human health and life. One of such pathological phenomena is called anuria.

What is oliguria and anuria?

Oliguria is a condition that is characterized by a decrease in the amount of urine released, while anuria is nothing but a complete absence of it in the bladder. Depending on the reasons that provoked its appearance, the anuria is classified into:

1. Arenal - most often occurs in infants immediately after birth with aplasia of the kidneys.
2. Prerenal anuria develops for reasons that are not directly related to the kidneys, but lead to an insufficient or complete cessation of their blood supply. This can happen as a result of heart failure, shock, collapse, aortic thrombosis, renal veins or arteries, as well as significant blood loss, diarrhea, vomiting.
3. Renal anuria is a consequence of pathological disorders in the kidneys themselves. Such as, the late stage of glomerulonephritis, chronic pyelonephritis , nephroangiosclerosis, hypertension, polycystic kidney disease, etc. Also, cases of the onset of renal anuria are common with general intoxication after poisoning with various poisons and medications, transfusion of incompatible blood, extensive burns, abortions and childbirth. Prerenal and renal anuria are forms of anuria that arise when the secretory function of the kidneys is violated, that is, their inability to produce urine.
4. Postural anuria is the excretory form of the disease. Its most common cause is urolithiasis. The fact is that with postrenal anuria urine is produced, but due to the presence of an obstruction to outflow, it does not enter the bladder.
5. Reflex anuria - is associated with the influence of the central nervous system on the process of urination.

Anuria - treatment and symptoms

Symptoms of anuria are always on the face - a person simply stops peeing. As a result, nitrogen slag, potassium, chlorides, non-volatile organic acids accumulate in the body, water-salt balance is disturbed, which directly leads to intoxication and uremia.

There is dry mouth, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headaches, palpitations, darkening of consciousness, smell of ammonia. The level of urea in the blood increases sharply.

If you have the slightest suspicion of anuria, you need to seek medical help. After conducting the examination and determining the form of anuria, adequate treatment is prescribed.

It should be noted that it is of fundamental importance in determining the course of treatment to determine which anuria is secretory or excretory. So, with postrenal anuria, urgent measures are taken to restore the outflow of urine - catheterization of the ureters or pyelonephrosstomy.

In especially severe cases, before surgery, hemodialysis is carried out - the extra-cellular cleansing of the blood , through which the removal of toxic metabolic products from the body, restoration of the water-salt balance, It is carried out by means of application of the special device.

With secretory forms - prerenal and renal anuria - conservative measures are most often used, and hemodialysis is also possible. Patients who are diagnosed with prerenal anuria, first aid is directed at maintaining cardiovascular activity and normalizing blood pressure.

Obviously, the treatment of anuria should follow in a timely manner, otherwise the disease can lead to irreversible consequences.