In most muscles, including the heart, as well as the arteries, the kidneys, the airways and other tissues, there are beta-adrenergic receptors. They are responsible for the acute, and sometimes dangerous, reaction of the body to overstrain and stress ("hit or run"). To reduce their activity in medicine, beta-blockers are used - the list of drugs from this pharmacological group is quite large, which allows choosing the most suitable medicine for each patient individually.
Non-selective beta-blockers
There are two types of adrenoreceptors - beta-1 and beta-2. When the first variant is blocked, the following cardiac effects are achieved:
- reduction in heart rate and frequency;
- decreased blood pressure;
- oppression of cardiac conduction.
If you block beta-2-adrenoreceptors, there is an increase in peripheral resistance of blood vessels and tone:
- uterus (in pregnant women);
- bronchi;
- arterioles.
Preparations from the subgroup of nonselective beta-blockers act not selectively, reducing the activity of both types of receptors.
The following medicines refer to the medicines under consideration:
- Oxprenolol;
- Propranolol;
- Pindolol;
- Anaprilin;
- Sotalol;
- Penbutolol;
- Nadolol;
- Timolol;
- Inderal;
- Obsidan;
- Bopindolol;
- Okupres-E;
- Sandinorm;
- Levobunolol;
- Wistagen;
- Korgard;
- Obinol;
- Wistagan;
- Oxprenolol;
- Tracicore;
- Koretal;
- Vickin;
- Sotalol;
- Timolol;
- Viskaldix;
- Sotagexal;
- Okumol;
- Sotaleks;
- Arutimol;
- Xalacom;
- Okumed;
- Fotil and others.
Selective beta-blockers
If the drug works selectively and reduces the functionality of only beta-1-adrenergic receptors, it is a selective agent. It is worth noting that such drugs are more preferable in the therapy of cardiovascular pathologies, besides, they produce fewer side effects.
List of drugs from the group of cardioselective beta-blockers of the new generation:
- Betacard;
- Atenolol;
- Tenolol;
- Prinorm;
- Bisoprolol;
- Tenoric;
- Hypoten;
- Bisocardium;
- Tenoretik;
- Bisogamma;
- Concor;
- Lokren;
- Coronale;
- Betaxolol;
- Metoprolol;
- Betoptik;
- Corvitol;
- Vasocardine;
- Logimax;
- Egilok;
- Metocard;
- Amzok;
- Non-ticket;
- Esmolol;
- Breviblock;
- Nebivolol;
- Talinolol;
- Cordanum;
- Acebutolol.
Adverse effects of beta-blockers
Negative phenomena often cause non-selective drugs. These include the following pathological conditions:
- bradycardia ;
- signs of heart failure;
- arterial hypotension;
- pain in the chest;
- sleep disturbances or insomnia;
- dizziness;
- memory impairment and ability to concentrate;
- depression;
- visual and auditory hallucinations;
- low working capacity;
- apathy;
- headache;
- nausea;
- dry mouth;
- diarrhea or constipation;
- vomiting;
- pain in epigastrium and intestines;
- nasal congestion;
- bronchospasm;
- dyspnea;
- difficulty breathing;
- aplastic anemia;
- thrombocytopenic purpura;
- thromboses;
- hypothyroidism;
- decreased libido and potency;
- gynecomastia;
- muscle spasms;
- arthralgia ;
- tremor;
- myasthenia gravis;
- dryness of the eye mucosa;
- visual impairment;
- decrease in the amount of tear fluid released;
- conjunctivitis;
- itching of the skin;
- hives;
- severe sweating;
- sensitivity of the skin to ultraviolet;
- hyperemia of the epidermis;
- relapses of psoriasis;
- alopecia (reversible);
- back pain.
Often, after stopping the adrenoblocker, there is a "withdrawal syndrome" in the form of a sharp and steady increase in blood pressure, frequent episodes of angina pectoris.