During the first six years of life, the child acquires more knowledge than in all other years combined. Especially rapid development occurs in the first two years, when a newborn baby, having only a few congenital reflexes, gradually learns to sit, crawl and walk, understand someone else's speech and speak independently and acquire other important skills.
To understand and reproduce the native speech the child learns for a sufficiently long period of time. There are certain norms of speech development, focusing on which, parents can in time suspected of a child development gap.
General hypoplasia of speech (OHP) and delayed speech development are not the same thing. If in the second case, the kids just start talking a little later than their peers, then in the case of OGR children have verbal disorders associated with both meaning and sound.
The reasons for the underdevelopment of children's speech are different: they can be the consequences of birth trauma, and various neurological diseases, and traumas of a psychological nature.
Characteristics and psychological features of children with OHP
General underdevelopment of speech is usually diagnosed in preschool children 4-6 years. As a rule, these are children with a normally developed intellect, without hearing defects. They start talking later than others, and their speech is often illegible, only parents understand it. Growing up, children begin to take very critical attitude to the defect of speech, to experience. That is why the general underdevelopment of speech needs treatment, and overcoming this problem is quite realistic.
Levels of general speech underdevelopment
Physicians distinguish four levels of general underdevelopment of speech.
- The first level is characterized by an almost total lack of speech, when the child babbles more, actively using gestures than he says.
- On the second level of the OSR, the child has a phrase speech in its infancy. He is able to pronounce sentences of several words, but often distorts words and their endings.
- The third level is characterized by a more meaningful speech: the child speaks freely, but his speech is full of lexical, grammatical and phonetic errors.
- The fourth level of speech underdevelopment is diagnosed in children who make speech errors at first glance insignificant, but in the end interfere with normal learning.
Regular speech therapy should be conducted with children with OHP. In addition, the control of a psychologist and sometimes a neurologist is necessary. Children with this diagnosis is extremely important for increased parental attention and support, without which it is impossible to overcome the disease.