Hyperplasia of glandular epithelium is called uterine disease, which is characterized by a change in the stroma and glands of its mucous membrane. To put it simply, hyperplasia of the glandular tissue is an excessive compaction (proliferation) of the endometrium. It is much thicker when compared with the norm.
In general, hyperplasia is the increase in the number of cells of any organ or tissue, which leads to a pathological increase in volume. The basis of hyperplasia is increased active multiplication in the body of cells, as well as the formation of any new structures.
Types of endometrial hyperplasia
In medical practice, four types of hyperplasia are distinguished:
- glandular hyperplasia of the endometrium;
- atypical glandular hyperplasia of the endometrium (adenomatous hyperplasia, adenomatosis);
- glandular-cystic hyperplasia;
- polyps of the endometrium.
The difference between these types of endometrial disease is in their histological picture, which demonstrates the microscopic structure of the areas of excessive proliferation of the mucosa. These changes are visible when examining the scraped material.
Why does endometrial hyperplasia occur?
The result of the onset of hyperplastic processes, which are activated in the endometrium, are hormonal disorders. In the body of a woman there is a shortage of progesterone and an excess of estrogen hormones. Most often, this disease can occur in women who are diagnosed with diabetes, arterial hypertension or obesity. It is worth considering that even simple glandular hyperplasia of the endometrium sometimes provokes the development of infertility, cancer and other dangerous diseases. Often the hyperplastic process accompanies myoma of the uterus, inflammatory and chronic processes, genital endometriosis. The diagnosis of "glandular hyperplasia of the cervix" is often heard by women who come to clinics to examine and find out the causes of infertility. Whatever the causes of glandular hyperplasia of the endometrium, be sure to go to the doctor!
Symptoms and treatment of hyperplasia
Among the main symptoms of glandular hyperplasia of the endometrium, infertility, disorders in the menstrual cycle, endometrial polyps, leiomyoma (fibromyoma), and endometriosis are the most revealing ones.
Often this disease does not make itself felt by visible symptoms, but in most cases a woman has dysfunctional anovulatory bleeding from the uterus. First, the woman notices the delay of menstruation, and then begins heavy bleeding. In addition, there are anemic symptoms - loss of appetite, dizzy and weak.
Most often, the treatment of glandular hyperplasia of the endometrium is medically administered by hormonal therapy (injections, patches, tablets, IMS Mirena, etc.). These methods can cure simple and focal glandular hyperplasia of the endometrium, and the active form sometimes requires surgical intervention. The operation consists in removing the affected layer of the endometrium. If the form of hyperplasia is severe, a woman can remove the uterus. This operation has a high efficiency - more than 90%. Sometimes there is a need for complex treatment, when the layer of the endometrium is removed and supportive low-dose hormone therapy is prescribed.
To reduce the risk of hyperplasia, we must fight against obesity, avoid stress, respond to the slightest changes in the monthly cycle, visit a regular gynecologist.