The pathology of the neck of the T-shirt among the total volume of gynecological diseases is about 10-15%. Recently, there has been a trend towards an increase in the number of cases of cervical disease at a young age (15-24 years), which is explained, first of all, by the early onset of sexual life, frequent changes in sexual partners, infection with various sexual infections, early pregnancies, which often end with abortions .
Structure of the cervix
The cervix is small in size. From the inside, the cervical (cervical) canal lining the cells of the cylindrical single-layered epithelium, in which there are many mucus producing glands. Outside, the cervix is covered by a multilayered flat epithelium, which passes into the vaults of the vagina and the vaults lining it.
Classification of diseases of the cervix
In gynecology, cervical disease is divided into three groups:
- background diseases, which include: true erosion, papillomas, cervicitis, leukoplakia , polyps, ectropion, post-traumatic ruptures, endometriosis, scar changes on the cervix;
- cervical cancer;
- precancerous conditions, which include: adenomatosis, dysplasia and erythroplasty.
Symptoms and Diagnosis of Cervical Diseases
Most diseases of the cervix proceed without any special symptoms and often develop against the background of other female diseases. That's why every woman should visit her gynecologist every six months to detect pathological changes on the cervix as soon as possible.
For the diagnosis of cervical pathologies, various methods are used:
- Inspection in the mirrors - makes it possible to assume the presence of pathological areas on the neck.
- The Schiller test - in which the neck is stained with Lugol's solution. Uncolored patches are areas of pathological changes.
- Colposcopy - involves examining the neck with a colposcope, using dyes and performing various tests.
- Cytology - under the microscope, the smears taken from the cervical canal and from the cervix are examined.
- Study for the presence of sexual infections.
- Biopsy - helps to make a definitive diagnosis if this can not be done on the basis of cytology and colposcopy data.
- Ultrasound examination of pelvic organs - is carried out in order to clarify the thickness of the mucous membrane of the cervical canal and to identify other possible neoplasms.
- Magnetic resonance imaging, angiography, computed tomography - are used when there are suspicions of malignant tumors.
Treatment of cervical diseases
Cervical disease therapy is based on the following principles:
- treatment leading to the pathological process of the underlying disease;
- treatment of inflammation of the vagina and cervix, accompanying this pathology;
- activation of reparative processes in the body.
First, the gynecologist sanitizes the vagina. Only then can the methods of influencing the cervix - chemical coagulation, diathermocoagulation, diathermoconation, cryosurgery, laser surgery.
After destruction of pathological foci, correction of immune and hormonal backgrounds, microbiocenosis of the vagina, stimulation of the reparative processes in the body of a woman.
Control examination of the neck of the doctor holds after the end of another menstruation, in order to assess the degree of healing of the foci of pathology. In still nulliparous women with uncomplicated ectopy, no effects on the cervix can be applied and the pathologist simply observes the pathological process.