Many paid attention to the buildings on the roofs, reminiscent of a small house. These are so-called dormer windows. But their strange name has nothing to do with listening. They received their name from the surname of the team leader of the carpenters' team of Slukhov, who first built them on the roof of a large building erected to celebrate in 1817 a victory in the war with Napoleon. (By the way, this building exists until now - this is the well-known Moscow Manege). During the finishing work there were problems with the wooden trusses of the building - they began to bend and warp. The artel guessed that such windows are necessary for airing the attic of the building and the freedom of air circulation. Since then, such windows have become known as Sukhov (later auditory), and building codes and currently recommend that the roof of any building necessarily be with a dormer window.
Types of dormer windows
Over time, dormer windows in the attic began to be used to illuminate attic rooms, to access the roof, and they successfully combined the functional load with some decorative. According to its design features (primarily in form), the dormer windows can be divided into several types. The first type includes traditional triangular dormer windows.
| | | |
Then follow the conical and rectangular. According to the form of the roof, the auditory (attic) windows can also be panoramic (with a trapezoidal roof), with a roof and a bedrock or a hip roof. The most practical and most commonly mounted is a gable auditory window, which can be either triangular or rectangular (alternatively square).
| | | |
Sometimes, in order to make the building more decorative, can be erected on the roof of arched (or semicircular) dormer windows, called the "bat." No less decorative and round dormer windows. In addition, on roofs, the angle of incline is small, as a rule, segmental dormer windows are installed.
| | | |
A few words about the material of manufacturing dormer windows. The dormer windows are made in the same way (in terms of materials) as all the windows in the building. If wooden windows are installed, then the dormer window is also made of wood.
| | | |
As an option - windows made of metal-plastic. In the case where the functions of the dormer window are reduced to lighting the attic space, they can be glazed. But for effective performance of the ventilation function, it is recommended to install louvered dormer windows.
| | | |
Mansard skylights
Vertical dormer windows were considered above. There is another kind of such windows, which are sometimes referred to as a separate type. These are inclined or mansard skylights. Their feature and the main difference is that they are installed in such a way as to form a single plane with the roof. For convenience of operation, the attic windows are provided with special, frictional, loops. Their use allows you to fix the sash of the window in any convenient position, while preventing spontaneous closing. In this case, the frame itself (the leaf) rotates as it were on such loops (the angle of rotation is 180 °). Due to special operating conditions, the roof windows are of limited size (the total area is not more than 1.4 sq. M. If it is necessary to install windows of a larger area they are combined by means of special salaries in groups) and the increased rigidity of the frame.
| | | |
