Even not a child knows that not all mushrooms are edible. But, unfortunately, even experienced mushroom pickers make mistakes, and poisonous products that threaten human life get to the tables.
Signs of poisoning with mushrooms
Common symptoms:
- severe abdominal pain;
- vomiting;
- nausea;
- diarrhea;
- dehydration;
- pallor of the skin;
- blue lips.
Toxins in poisonous mushrooms are of two kinds. Some affect the stomach and intestines - gastroenterotrophic, others have a negative effect on the liver - hepatonephritis. If the toxins of the first group get into the body, the signs of poisoning with poisonous fungi appear only 2-3 hours after the use of the product. In the case when toxic substances belong to the second species, the symptomatology is observed only 6-10 hours after direct poisoning, sometimes even after three days. At the same time, for some time, the patient may be relieved, and the injured person stops treatment. It should be remembered that imaginary recovery is dangerous for life, as the body continues to undergo biochemical changes, in particular, in the liver. Because of this, there are a number of additional symptoms of the lesion of this organ:
- severity and pain in the right side under the ribs;
- icterus of skin, mucous membranes, sclera;
- enlargement of the liver in size;
- heartburn.
In addition, the symptoms of poisoning are different for each species of poisonous fungi. Consider the main three:
1. Amanita:
- During the first two hours after use, vomiting is observed;
- salivation;
- severe sweating;
- narrowing of the pupils;
- abdominal pain;
- dyspnea;
- lowering blood pressure;
- convulsions;
- delirium and hallucinations;
- bronchorrhea;
- coma.
2. Pale toadstool:
- after 2-3 days, colic occurs in the abdomen;
- severe vomiting;
- diarrhea with blood clots;
- lesions of the liver.
3. Strings, freckles, russules:
- vomiting;
- diarrhea;
- darkening of urine;
- icterus of the skin;
- pain in the liver.
First aid for poisoning with mushrooms
Primary measures for poisoning are very important, because the timeliness of their life depends on the victim.
From the outset, you should call an ambulance and try to remove from the body food with toxins. For this, it is necessary to induce vomiting, if it is absent, and diarrhea. These two mechanisms are the main ways to maximize the clearance of the gastrointestinal tract from the poison. Methods:
- Give the patient to drink a large amount of water (at least 1.5 liters), adding soda or potassium permanganate to it. The procedure should be repeated until the pieces of food stop falling in the departing masses.
- To water the affected person with activated carbon, based on 1 g of activated carbon per 1 kg of body weight.
- Give a laxative or castor oil.
It is worth noting that the first aid for poisoning with fungi provides for a ban on eating and taking painkillers and antipyretic drugs. In addition, in no case should not apply antiemetics and medications for diarrhea.
Poisoning with mushrooms - treatment
The procedures start with effective gastric lavage through a special tube and cleansing enemas. Then, when there is no threat to the life of the patient, he is prescribed antispasmodics to alleviate the symptoms.
In cases where toxins are hepatonephrotic, the victim takes antidotes to the detected poisons, as well as hepatoprotectors.
Independently prescribe treatment is strictly prohibited, because the correct diagnosis can be established only after establishing the type of toxic substances that have entered the body.