Hypertension is characterized by an increase in blood pressure in the absence of any internal diseases. Its development contributes to the formation of atherosclerosis and causes complications of other serious diseases. Signs of hypertension for a long time remain unnoticed. After all, the pressure may vary depending on physical activity, weather and mood. Therefore, people over the age of forty must regularly check the pressure.
Degrees of development of hypertension
Let us consider in more detail how the disease develops. In general, doctors distinguish three degrees of hypertension.
First degree
The disease is characterized by slight pressure rises: systolic - 160-180, and diastolic can reach 105. The first signs of hypertension are:
- rapid normalization of high pressure during rest;
- headache;
- deterioration of mental performance;
- In rare cases, dizziness occurs;
- noise in the head.
At this stage, the ECG practically does not show any abnormalities, the kidney function is not violated, the fundus has also not undergone any changes.
Second degree
The level of systolic pressure is within 180-200, the diastolic pressure reaches 114. At the same time, there are clear signs of arterial hypertension:
- frequent headaches;
- the onset of edema;
- cardiopalmus;
- weakness in the muscles;
- nausea.
During the survey the following changes are revealed:
- ECG shows the development of subendocardial ischemia;
- cerebral strokes ;
- examination of the fundus shows the expansion of the veins, the presence of exudates;
- deterioration of renal blood flow.
Third degree
The signs of hypertension of the third degree include a stable elevated pressure, at which the diastolic is from 115 to 129, and the systolic reaches 230. The changes observed in the disease from the side of various organs:
- heart failure - heart failure , increased risk of heart attack;
- kidneys - decreased glomerular filtration of the kidneys, worsening of its blood flow;
- eye - develops angioretinopathy (damage to the retina of the eyes), reduced visual acuity;
- the brain - a violation of the structure of the central nervous system, the formation of intracerebral hematomas, the development of encephalopathy.
In this case, the violation of the functions of the organs aggravates the course of hypertension and leads to complications of manifestations. Thus, organ damage triggers a pathological cycle in which complications themselves lead to the appearance of new symptoms.