Thinking disorder

The ability to solve complex logical problems is one of the main distinguishing features of a person from an animal. But in psychology, a phenomenon known as a violation of thinking and intelligence , which occurs when there are mental illnesses. There are a lot of such violations, therefore a classification has been created that allows to identify the main groups that include all kinds of such disorders.

The main types of thinking disorder

The thought process is the highest stage of knowledge, which allows us to establish connections between phenomena. But there are cases when a person (partially or completely) loses the ability to do this. Then they talk about violations of thinking, the main types of which are usually classified according to the following signs.

  1. Disorder of the operational side of thinking . Characterized by a lower level or distortion of the process of generalization. That is, a person loses the ability to select characteristics that most fully describe the concept, or can capture only random connections between phenomena, completely ignoring the most obvious elements.
  2. Violation of the pace of thinking . It can be manifested in the acceleration or inertia of thinking activity, in the inconsistency of reasoning or response - a person's too high susceptibility, in which absolutely all stimuli are taken into account, even those that are not directly related to him. For the cases of response, the reflection in the speech of all perceived phenomena and objects is characteristic. Also to this group of violations are cases of slippage, in which a person suddenly strayed from the correct course of thoughts, and then, without realizing his error, continues his consistent reasoning. Such failures are explained by the fact that the reasoner takes into account the nonessential for a specific case, signs.
  3. Violation of the motivational component of thinking . This group includes: the diversity of thinking - reasoning about phenomena lying in different planes, the actions do not have a clear direction, the reasoning is the use of complex constructions and terms without understanding their meaning when amorphous and meaningless reasoning, associativity of thinking and reducing its criticality.

Similar disorders can occur in the case of congenital or acquired mental illness.