Fetoplacental insufficiency (FPN) is a condition in which a pregnant woman has structural changes and abnormalities of the placenta. To varying degrees, FPD is diagnosed in almost every third future mother, so this problem is very relevant. In fetoplacental insufficiency, the fetus does not receive the proper amount of oxygen, begins to experience hypoxia, which adversely affects its development and growth.
Types FPN
Physicians share FPN:
1. By maturity:
- primary fetoplacental insufficiency is attributed to a violation of the attachment and structure of the placenta to 4 months of pregnancy. Usually occurs in women who have previously suffered from infertility or who have hormonal disorders, changes in the uterus, abortion;
- secondary fetoplacental insufficiency in pregnancy occurs with a fully formed placenta after 4 months. The causes are most often placental abruption, gestosis, inflammatory changes in the structure of the placenta against infection.
2. In its current:
- acute FPN - premature detachment of the correctly attached placenta, which was caused by a sharp violation of placental uterine blood flow;
- chronic fetoplacental insufficiency - gradual disturbance of blood flow.
3. By the type of developmental disorders of the fetus:
- compensated form of fetoplacental insufficiency - the fetus develops normally;
- subcompensated FPN - fetal growth retardation;
- Decompensated FPN - the fetus lags behind in development for a month or more, there are severe violations of the heartbeat, the probability of fetal death is high.
4. By severity of violations:
- fetoplacental insufficiency 1a degree - normal blood flow in the arteries of the umbilical cord. In this case there are disturbances of blood flow in the arteries of the uterus;
- fetoplacental insufficiency of 1b degree - normal blood flow in uterine arteries. There are violations of blood flow in the arteries of the umbilical cord;
- fetoplacental insufficiency of the 2nd degree - disorders in umbilical and uterine arteries are diagnosed. However, critical values have not been achieved;
- fetoplacental insufficiency of the 3rd degree - dangerous disorders in the arteries of the umbilical cord .
Causes of fetoplacental insufficiency
There are a number of factors that provoke FPN:
- serious chronic diseases of the mother such as thyroid pathology, heart disease, diabetes, bronchial asthma;
- infections of the respiratory tract, venereal diseases, colds during pregnancy;
- complicated pregnancy ( gestosis , threat of miscarriage, Rhesus-conflict);
- abnormal attachment of the placenta;
- pathology of the uterus (adenomyosis, myoma, chronic endometritis);
- abortions, regressing pregnancies, spontaneous abortions in anamnesis;
- stress and overwork;
- smoking during pregnancy;
- poor ecology and living conditions;
- age after 35 years and up to 18 years.
Diagnosis and treatment of fetoplacental insufficiency
FPN can be detected only with the help of special studies. The main sign of fetoplacental insufficiency is first excessive activity of the baby, and then a decrease in the number of his movements. If development is delayed, the doctor notes that there is no growth in the abdomen in the dynamics, a discrepancy between the height of the uterine floor and the term of pregnancy. Diagnosis of fetoplacental insufficiency is carried out by ultrasonic method, dopplerography and cardiotocography. There are no funds that allow instantaneous cure of FPN. The main goal of the treatment is to improve gas exchange, restore uterine-placental circulation and normalize the tone of the uterus. Can be appointed Curantil, Actovegin, Ginipral, droppers with magnesia.