Short-sightedness affects many people, while for the correction they need glasses marked "minus". In this visual defect, the image is formed before the retina of the eye, and not as it should be in it.
Symptoms of nearsightedness
The main symptom of myopia is the vision of vague objects far away. Their contours are softened, and small details are not visible.
Myopia is also called "myopia", which in Greek means "squinting eye," and this is due to the fact that people with myopia are constantly squinting, trying to see distant objects. In this case, closely located objects are viewed well - clearly and with all the details.
Another feature of myopia is the difficulty in translating the view from the near object to the far and back.
Patients may also experience the following non-mandatory symptoms:
- flies before the eyes ;
- the doubling of objects;
- light sensitivity (excess);
- wrong vision of the color of objects.
Progressing myopia (if the disease is rapidly developing, and the power of the lens is increased by at least one diopter per year) is accompanied by headaches and visual fatigue due to the constant overstrain of vision and rapid tissue degradation. It can lead to a significant loss of vision and a partial or total loss of ability to work.
Causes of nearsightedness
Today, doctors are confident that myopia is of a genetic nature, and therefore often develops during adolescence, when the tissues are not worn out.
In sum, several factors can contribute to the development of myopia:
- weakening of scleral tissues;
- poor conditions with long visual work (insufficient lighting and viewing for a long hours of small objects at close range - knitting, sitting at the computer, weaving with beads, reading, etc.);
- heredity;
- relaxation of the lens muscle, which helps him to focus on objects with different remoteness.
Many doctors suggest that the true cause of myopia is the violation of metabolic processes, which lead to tissue weakness.
From the physiological point of view myopia occurs due to the increased size of the antero-posterior part of the eyeball.
Also, doctors identify false nearsightedness, the cause of which is another disease.
Diagnosis of nearsightedness
A full-fledged diagnosis of myopia is possible only in medical conditions:
- Checking the visual acuity: how to see the objects in the distance without lenses and glasses.
- The degree of myopia is determined - the refractive power of the eye.
- The length of the eyeball is measured.
- The thickness of the cornea at different points is measured by ultrasound.
- The eye bottom is examined to assess the state of the vessels, the retina and the optic nerve.
The short-sightedness test is also conducted in the office of the ophthalmologist - this is a duochrome method, where the plate is divided in color into two parts, and letters of different sizes are marked on it. If the letters on the red background look sharper, then we can assume myopia.
Is it possible to cure myopia?
Myopia at early stages is well treatable with preventive measures - eye gymnastics, compliance with the working schedule and taking medications.
In the early stages, you can stop the loss of vision, but wearing glasses and lenses, which are necessary in these cases, affect negatively to some extent. The fact is that the eye becomes accustomed to, and he does not strain himself to do the visual work himself without glasses.
In some cases, visual impairment may require surgical treatment.
The final answer, whether it is possible to get rid of myopia, can only be obtained by taking into account all the factors that caused the disease in each individual case.