The most important role in the life of every person is played by the very first steps in systematic training. The coming information age makes high demands on the child, who starts to master the content of education. Psychologists consider three basic types of the child's readiness for school: intellectual, personal and socio-psychological, which form the conditions for the successful adaptation of a first-grader .
Intellectual readiness of the child for school
Intellectual readiness in a simplified form can be defined as a set of knowledge and skills. But the fundamental point is still the developed cognitive process, the application of methods of comparison, analysis, generalization. The child's intellectual readiness can be assessed by the following factors:
- differentiated perception;
- analytical thinking.
The child must move from a fantasy approach to rational. A six-year-old child should develop both logical memorization and interest in knowledge. When checking the intellectual readiness of teachers pay attention to the child's mastery of spoken language, the ability to understand and use symbols; on the development of visual-motor coordination.
Personal readiness
The personal component of psychological preparedness is nothing more than a preschooler's motivation. It is useful for parents to find out what attracts a child in school: new friends, paraphernalia. It is important that the child is aware of a new stage in his development, "growing up". In addition to motivation of the preschool child to develop new knowledge, teachers are studying the level of development of the emotional sphere of the child, namely how he expresses his emotions, how aware his feelings are, whether the so-called higher feelings (moral, intellectual, aesthetic) are developed.
Speech readiness of the child
The next important criterion in determining a child's readiness for school is his speech readiness. Under the speech readiness of a preschooler they understand the formation of sound speech. It is possible to check the child by the following components:
- possession of a clear pronunciation of sounds, the ability to distinguish sounds, to distinguish the initial and final sound from the word;
- knowledge and understanding of terms;
- the ability to form words;
- the ability to form adjectives from nouns, nouns from verbs.
Willful readiness of the child for school
A significant component of the child's psychological readiness for school is volitional willingness. It can be determined by the presence of such qualities in the child as purposefulness, perseverance, awareness, endurance, patience, the ability to overcome difficulties, independently acquire knowledge, find ways to solve difficult situations, control their actions and deeds.
To determine the degree of readiness of the child for school use a variety of rapid diagnostics, which are a complex consisting of tests for the child. Efficiency of the tasks is estimated
So, the preparation of a preschool child for a new stage in his life must be carried out in a diverse and comprehensive manner. The development of qualities that characterize the child's readiness for school is the immediate task of the preschool institution.