The problem of hyperactivity in recent years is gaining more momentum. With the manifestations of increased activity, parents most often encounter in the senior preschool and junior school age, but do not give it sufficient value until the child with such a diagnosis starts to disturb others. It is especially difficult for a hyperactive child to go to school.
Immediately, it should be noted that the syndrome of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is determined in the totality of symptoms after a long observation of the pediatrician, neurologist, psychologist and educator. Hyperactivity means excessive mental and motor activity, a significant predominance of excitation over inhibition.
Signs of hyperactivity
- lack of attention - the inability to focus on a long time to perform certain activities. That is why there are difficulties in teaching hyperactive children;
- the impulsiveness of such children is so high that they sometimes frighten others with their violent emotional reactions;
- high motor activity - such a child is easy to see in the crowd, he constantly runs, jumps, fidgets. If he is forced to sit down, he will jump on the spot, mix from place to place, make obsessive moves with his feet, hands, and throw objects.
Features of working with hyperactive children consist in the fact that it needs to be built in a comprehensive manner, based on the reasons that caused such a disorder of behavior. The origin of hyperactivity has not yet been clarified thoroughly, but most researchers tend to the following factors that can provoke its development:
- lesions of the brain due to craniocerebral injury, infection;
- unfavorable course of labor - trauma, asphyxia of the newborn;
- hereditary predisposition - there is evidence that a lack of attention can be of a family nature;
- neurophysiological features and dysfunctions;
- food factor - nutrition with a high content of hydrocarbons leads to a decrease in concentration of attention;
- social aspect - the characteristics of education, the consistency and regularity of pedagogical influences.
Thus, in order to overcome the syndrome of hyperactivity, it is necessary to attract specialists of different profiles: educators, psychologists, neuropathologists - it is possible that medication should be needed. Particular attention should be focused on the training of parents - they must build their own line of behavior in accordance with the recommendations of doctors.
Hyperactivity and school
An important role in correcting hyperactivity is played by the school. There are generalized recommendations for teachers how to deal with a hyperactive child in order to achieve normalization of interpersonal relationships and sufficient mastery of the school curriculum.
- to the hyperactive schoolboy, an individual approach should be sought, relying on his distractibility and the inability to concentrate for a long time on one thing;
- as much as possible, it is necessary to ignore the child's impulsive behavior and praise him for good deeds;
- Minimize distractions during lessons, for example, by choosing the optimal location for such a student;
- classes to build on a clear, same-type plan;
- Teach a child to structure his activities using a special diary or calendar;
- give only one task for a certain period of time;
- if the task is voluminous, it should be given in doses, broken down into logical components;
- to give the chance to change activity - to alternate mental work with physical activity.