Polyuria is an increased release of urine, that is, if more than three liters of urine are excreted from the body over a day, then there is a talk about the presence of polyuria. This condition must be distinguished from rapid urination, which is based on the need to empty the bladder at night or in the daytime in quantities no more normal.
In this case, polyuria syndrome can also be combined with nicturia , which means that the nighttime diuresis exceeds daytime.
Causes of polyuria
Polyuria involves diuresis of water or dissolved substances. Water diuresis can be caused by nephrogenic and central diabetes insipidus, infusion of hypotonic solutions and psychogenic polydipsia. Diuresis of the dissolved substance is caused by probe feeding by mixtures that contain a lot of protein, diabetes, infusion saline, nephropathy, urinary tract obstruction resolution.
Temporary polyuria can accompany the hypertensive crisis, tachycardia. Permanent is characteristic for lesions of the kidneys and endocrine glands. Polyuria can cause Barter's syndrome, hydronephrosis, chronic pyelonephritis, chronic renal failure, polycystic kidney disease.
Symptoms of polyuria
Normally, an adult takes 1-1.5 l of urine out of the body. Symptom of polyuria is the allocation of more than 1.8-2 liters, and for certain diseases and more than 3 liters of urine.
Symptoms of polyuria are most pronounced in various forms of diabetes. With this disease, the volume of daily urine can be from 4 to 10 liters. At the same time, the specific density of urine is reduced. This is due to a violation of the concentration function of the kidney, which is compensated by increasing the volume of urine.
In detecting the symptoms of polyuria, the doctor tries to understand what constitutes this disorder - urinary incontinence, nocturia or frequent urination. When making a diagnosis, pay attention to the nature of the urinary stream (weak or intermittent),
To identify polyuria, the patient must perform Zimnitsky's tests , which allow to assess the function of the kidneys. In the course of this study, it is determined: the total amount of urine released per day, the distribution of urine throughout the day, the density of urine.
Another method of diagnosing polyuria is a complex of samples with the deprivation of a person's fluid.
The diagnosis is based on the data obtained from a patient's survey and the results of laboratory tests.