As a preventive measure for oncological processes of the cervix, every woman is recommended to take an analysis for cytology with a certain periodicity. These measures help in time to diagnose structural changes in the tissues of the cervix, namely, moderate dysplasia of the flat and cylindrical epithelium, which are directly precancerous.
Cervical dysplasia of moderate degree
To have a clearer idea of what is meant by moderate dysplasia, let us recall the structural features of the cervix, more precisely, its mucosa.
The vagina and the outer part of the cervix are represented by multilayered flat epithelium, which in turn is divided:
- basal layer (bordered by muscle tissue and vessels and is responsible for the continuous division and multiplication of cells, providing an update of the mucosa);
- Intermediate layer (the cell habitat at the stage of maturation);
- Functional layer (directly ripe non-corroding cells).
At the base of the cervical canal lining is a single-layered cylindrical epithelium with glands producing mucus. If the process of ripening and division of the mucosa is disturbed, atypical cells appear for this type of tissue. When their number exceeds two-thirds of the thickness of the epithelium - this pathology is called a moderate degree of dysplasia.
Treatment and symptoms of mild cervical dysplasia
Medical practice proved the main cause of the disease - human papillomavirus. Approximately, for 1.5 years of stay in the body of a woman, 16 and 18, the type of this virus can cause structural changes in the cells of the epithelium.
In addition, the following factors contribute to the appearance of mild dysplasia:
- early childbirth and the onset of sexual intercourse;
- smoking, stress, excessive drinking;
- infectious diseases of the reproductive system;
- weakening of the immune system and trauma to the cervix.
As a rule, moderate dysplasia of flat epithelium does not have characteristic symptoms. Therefore, it is possible to detect pathology only with the help of a survey.
For the diagnostics of the process, the following are first used:
- colposcopy;
- analysis for cytology ;
- biopsy (performed when there are abnormalities in the first two methods).
The following indicators influence the choice of the method of treatment of dysplasia:
- the age of the patient;
- depth and size of the affected area;
- accompanying illnesses.
The doctor individually selects a treatment regimen - at a moderate degree of the process, one can prefer a wait-and-see tactic with the use of immunomodulators and constant monitoring. In extreme cases, resort to surgical methods.