Poisoning - treatment

Poisoning is an extremely dangerous condition, so when the first signs of intoxication (nausea, vomiting, headache, weakness, diarrhea, loss of consciousness), it is necessary to call a doctor. Even in case of easy poisoning, the victim should be under doctor's supervision for at least 4 hours.

General principles of poisoning treatment

Regardless of the type of toxic agent that caused poisoning, help is given in the following sequence.

  1. Restore the patency of the airways, normalize the heart rate and blood pressure.
  2. Carry out detoxification (toxin removal).
  3. The inactivation of the poison is carried out with the help of antidote substances, which neutralize the action of the toxin.
  4. They perform infusion therapy and eliminate the symptoms of poisoning.
  5. Assess the need for hospitalization of the poisoned.

Treatment of carbon monoxide poisoning

First aid to the poisoned person is to provide access to fresh air. The victim should be taken out to the street, cleanse the mouth of the vomit, using a spoon or fingers wrapped in gauze. When comatose, an air duct is installed. To avoid a repeated attack of vomiting, 10 mg of metoclopramide are injected intravenously (analogues - cerucal, raglan).

Then oxygen treatment is carried out - carbon monoxide poisoning is the only type of emergency when oxygen is used in its pure form. If the victim is conscious, use an oxygen mask (10-15 l / min). In the case of a coma, intubation is performed with subsequent artificial ventilation of the lungs with 100% oxygen.

The patient is injected intravenously with droplets of polyionic solutions (cholol, quartosol, acesol, 500 ml) or sodium hydrogencarbonate (4%, 400 ml) and hemodez (400 ml). Treatment is supplemented by taking ascorbic acid and glucose.

Treatment of alcohol poisoning

In case of acute poisoning with ethanol, a complex of immediate actions is carried out:

Detoxification with activated charcoal or by washing the stomach is ineffective, since ethanol is absorbed very quickly.

Alcohol poisoning helps to eliminate the treatment with a special drug - methadoxil. It accelerates the excretion of ethanol and acetaldehyde from the body, reducing their toxic effects. Enter the drug for 5-10 ml intramuscularly or intravenously drip for 1.5 hours (300-900 mg diluted with 500 ml of 5% glucose or saline solution). The victim is given vitamins, they follow hemodynamics.

Treatment of mercury poisoning

Mercury is one of the most common and extremely dangerous toxins. In the case of poisoning with mercury vapor or when the salts hit the stomach, hospitalization is necessary. Before the arrival of the doctor, the victim should drink 2 to 3 glasses of water, clean the stomach, take activated charcoal. The mouth should be rinsed with a weak solution of potassium permanganate.

Acute mercury poisoning involves treatment with an antidote unitiol, which is administered intramuscularly (5 ml, 5%) for 20 days. A modern alternative to unithiol is the succimer of mesodimercapto succinic acid - this antidote is less toxic and has a lesser side effect.

Treatment of poisoning with acetic acid

The acetic essence causes the strongest burns of the mucous membranes, edema of the esophagus, the violation of the hematopoietic functions and renal failure. Because of the edema, gastric lavage can be carried out no later than 1 to 2 hours after acetic acid enters the body. Subcutaneously morphine is injected before washing (1 ml of 1% solution).

Poisoning with acetic acid means treatment with sodium hydrocarbonate (drip or spray 600-1000 ml, 4%) to maintain alkaline urine and prevent kidney failure. Because of the thickening of the blood, the victim has to inject plasma or plasma-substituting solutions.