Chololithiasis is a frequently diagnosed pathology, especially among women of childbearing age. Men are prone to cholelithiasis much less, they are found 3-10 times less often. The disease is characterized by a long progression, so it is found in the late stages of development.
Chololithiasis - what is this disease?
For the normal functioning of the digestive system, constant production and outflow of bile is necessary. Under the influence of external and internal factors, it can thicken and acquire a consistency of putty (biliary sludge). From such a viscous deposit, stones or stones in the gall bladder are formed. They increase in size and quantity, fall into the ducts (choledochus) and clog them, disrupting the outflow of biological fluid (cholelithiasis).
Causes of cholelithiasis
It is not known exactly why the described pathology develops. Specialists call factors, because of which cholelithiasis can begin with greater probability. Among them, the main role is played by sex and age. Women are more likely to have cholelithiasis, the risk of it increases after 30 years. Other suggested causes of gallstones:
- pregnancy and childbirth;
- chronic hepatitis ;
- helminthiases ;
- congenital anomalies of the gallbladder and duodenum;
- cirrhosis of the liver;
- features of nutrition (with a predominance of fats and animal proteins);
- hormonal disorders;
- low physical activity;
- infection, inflammation of the gallbladder;
- spinal injuries;
- starvation;
- diseases of the small intestine;
- chronic hemolysis;
- diabetes;
- disorders of fat metabolism;
- overweight.
Gallstone disease - symptoms
The main reason for late diagnosis of this pathology is its slow and inconspicuous progression (for 7-10 years). Explicit signs of cholelithiasis are detected already when the choledocha is blocked by concrements and the appearance of acute colic. In rare cases, a weak clinical picture is observed against the background of inaccuracies in the diet, but people do not attach importance to such discomfort.
Stones in the gallbladder - symptoms:
- pulling dull pain when working in an inclined position, after consuming fatty, spicy and fried foods, overexertion;
- prolonged nausea;
- feeling of heaviness in the right side;
- fatigue, drowsiness.
If the cholelithiasis progresses a long time, it provokes colic:
- acute pain in the region of the liver of a cutting or piercing nature, giving to the shoulder, scapula, neck;
- nausea with bouts of vomiting;
- jaundice;
- angina pectoris;
- increased body temperature;
- fecal decoloration;
- darkening of urine.
Stones in the gallbladder - what to do?
Therapeutic tactics depends on the number and size of concrements, the severity of cholelithiasis. It is simpler if small (up to 1 cm) and few gallstones are found - treatment is limited to general recommendations for maintaining a healthy lifestyle and observance of Pevzner's No. 5 diet. In addition, it is necessary to regularly do prophylactic ultrasound diagnosis, control the rate of progression of pathology, fix the condition and the number of concrements.
In the presence of larger stones (up to 2 cm) non-surgical methods of therapy are shown. These include dissolution with drugs and crushing from the outside. Such methods do not always produce the expected effect and do not guarantee complete disposal of cholelithiasis. After the disappearance of stones, they can form again. In case of a recurrence of pathology or the formation of large stones (from 2 cm in diameter), surgical intervention is prescribed. The procedure involves removing the bladder along with the concrements.
Gallstone disease, attack - what to do?
Colic is a very unpleasant and dangerous condition, so at its first signs it is desirable to immediately make an appointment with a doctor. The attack is as painful as possible, if large stones are formed in the bile, the symptoms are complicated by obstruction of the ducts and stagnation. This provokes acute intoxication of the body and a strong violation of the digestive process.
Here's how to relieve an episode of cholelithiasis at home:
- More lie and relax, exclude any physical work.
- To drink spasmolytics with vasodilating action (Yunispaz, Drotaverin, Pllalgin).
- With increasing temperature, take antipyretic and anti-inflammatory drugs (Paracetamol, Ibuprom, Nurofen).
- If there is a risk of developing angina pectoris, take medication to normalize the heart activity ( Asparkam , Spasmol, Nifedeks).
- Put a warmer on your feet or just cover them with a blanket. Heat expands the vessels.
- Drink about 500 ml of heated water.
- Place a warm compress on the right hypochondrium.
- For 12 hours, give up eating. After stopping colic, you can switch to a sparing diet.
- An attack lasting more than 3 hours requires an ambulance crew call.
Stone in the gallbladder - treatment without surgery
Conservative therapy is prescribed only with a small number of concrements of small size. It is carried out in 2 ways:
- Dissolution of stones in the gallbladder. For this, acids (chenodeoxycholic and ursodeoxycholic) and herbal preparations (extract of immortelle) are used. Low-effective technique, helps only from cholesterol stones in 10-20% of cases.
- Crushing stones in the gallbladder. Manipulation is performed by ultrasonic or electromagnetic wave. This method is suitable in the presence of small (up to 1 cm) and single stones, if there are no signs of inflammation.
Gallstone disease - treatment with folk remedies
No alternative therapy methods dissolve solid formations. Folk treatment of cholelithiasis should be used as an auxiliary measure to alleviate the pathology and slow its progression. Uncontrolled use of herbal preparations will complicate cholelithiasis - the symptoms will quickly increase, gradually reaching acute and painful colic.
Herbal collection of cholelithiasis
Ingredients:
- chamomile - 5 g;
- valerian - 5 g;
- mint - 5 g;
- hawthorn - 5 g;
- roots of buckthorn - 5 g;
- turn - 5 g;
- ledum - 5 g;
- roots aira - 5 g;
- motherwort - 5 g;
- lily of the valley - 5 g;
- hips - 5 g;
- water - 1.5 liters.
Preparation, use :
- Mix dry ingredients.
- Boil the collection for 5-7 minutes.
- Insist for 6 hours.
- Strain the broth.
- Drink 100-110 ml of medication 3 times a day for half an hour before meals. Preheat.
Stones in the gallbladder - operation
The most effective method of treating the disease is cholecystectomy. Removal of stones from the gallbladder is carried out together with the organ, regardless of the number of concrements. Most often, a minimally invasive laparoscopic method is used, sometimes the surgeon makes a decision about laparotomy or standard cavity intervention. In 99% of cases, cholelithiasis is completely cured after the procedure. Rarely develop postcholecystectomy syndrome or sphincter dysfunction Oddi - a chronic digestive disorder.
Nutrition for cholelithiasis
A correct diet is an important part of the treatment of cholelithiasis. The correct diet for cholelithiasis provides gentle loads on the liver and pancreas in parallel with the full intake of nutrients and vitamins into the body. The diet limits the amount of fats and animal protein, minimizes salt intake. Diet with stones in the bile provides the following nuances:
- all dishes must be warm;
- food intake - 4-6 times a day in the same small portions;
- during an exacerbation it is recommended to grind or grind food;
- on an empty stomach it is necessary to drink pure non-carbonated water of a room temperature.
Gallstone disease: diet - what foods can you eat?
Table number 5 is considered a full-fledged diet, providing a daily need for an adult in calories. What you can eat with cholelithiasis:
- vegetarian soups;
- pasta;
- semi-liquid mucous porridges and dishes from them;
- dietary meat;
- low-fat fish;
- seafood (moderately);
- doctor's sausage;
- dairy sausages;
- yesterday's bread of 1 or 2 sort flour, with bran;
- low-fat dairy and sour-milk products;
- dry biscuit;
- vegetables (heat treated, raw - limited);
- eggs - not more often 2 times a week, preferably protein omelets;
- squash caviar;
- sweet apples;
- dairy or mild sauces;
- natural sweets - moderately (jam, pastille, honey, marshmallow, marmalade and the like);
- creamy (up to 30 grams per day) and vegetable oil (up to 15 grams per day);
- loose black tea;
- chamomile broth;
- compote of dried fruits, dog-rose;
- sweet fruit drinks and compotes.
What you can not eat with cholelithiasis?
To unload the liver, you must abandon any "heavy" foods that are digested for a long time. If the cholelithiasis is in the acute stage, it's better to starve the first day after the attack. The transition to table number 5 is carried out gradually, with the introduction of portions of new dishes. Diet with stones in the gallbladder excludes:
- broths, meat soups, okroshku;
- fresh bread;
- fried food;
- meat by-products, offal;
- smoked products;
- pickling;
- marinades;
- spicy and spicy sauces;
- fatty fish and meat;
- beans;
- barley, corn, pearl barley;
- canned food;
- baking;
- products from puff pastry;
- salted cheese;
- whey;
- vegetables that provoke fermentation processes (garlic, cabbage, onions, radishes and others);
- citrus fruits;
- nuts;
- raw berries and fruits;
- chocolate;
- desserts with cream;
- seeds;
- cocoa;
- carbonated drinks;
- coffee;
- alcohol;
- green tea;
- karkade;
- chicory.
Gallstone disease - complications
Negative consequences arise when non-compliance with dietary recommendations and lack of treatment. Stuck stones in the bile ducts block them, causing stagnant phenomena. This leads to such pathologies:
- cholangitis ;
- acute biliary pancreatitis;
- cholecystitis ;
- mechanical jaundice ;
- intestinal obstruction;
- dropsy;
A gallstone complicated disease can provoke a severe inflammatory process with damage to the mucous membranes of the walls of the bladder. As a result, organ perforation (rupture) occurs with the outflow of contents into the abdominal cavity - acute peritonitis. This condition is extremely dangerous, it is fraught with irreversible consequences and even death.
Gallstone disease - prevention
To prevent the formation of calculi, it is necessary to avoid the factors that give rise to them. Preventing the formation of gallstones:
- balanced diet;
- maintenance of normal body weight;
- physical activity;
- rejection of addictions;
- timely treatment of chronic digestive diseases.