Timely pruning of grapes is the main agrotechnical device in the care of an ancient cultural plant, which helps to set a bush a certain shape, stimulate growth and fruiting. Only by learning to correctly perform this operation, you can count on good harvests of delicious berries.
How to trim grapes?
The main rules of pruning of grapes are developed in the course of centuries-old practice of cultivation of a valuable vine, capable at due care to bring to the owner the appreciable income. It is necessary to know exactly the features of pasynkovaniya, pinches, shortening of old wood. Deep and incorrectly inflicted wounds cause shrinkage of branches and whole sleeves, a sharp drop in yield.
How to cut grapes:
- Annual shoots shorten 2-3 cm above the eye.
- The cut is made with a slope from the kidney, so that the juice does not fill the eye.
- Do not leave large stumps, they crack and cause unpleasant injuries.
- The height of the cut of the perennial vine on the stump is up to 10 cm.
- When pasynkovanii cut the higher the ocellus by 5 mm.
- We leave the knots of substitution below the future arrow of fruiting.
- If there is a severe death of the kidneys, it is advisable to leave the knots of substitution, enlarged to 4 eyes.
- The knots of substitution with only one developed shoot are left on the new replacement knot, and on the fruiting arrow select the well-placed fruit-bearing vine.
- When freezing or a small number of vines on the main shoots, you can use the tops and root shoots to form the sprouts.
Types of pruning grapes
It is required to accurately understand the characteristics of pruning grapes to properly form a bush or to rejuvenate an aging plant. It should take into account the varietal characteristics, the age of the bush, the strength of growth at this stage of development, the local climate. There are the following main types of trimming:
- Formation - is made according to strict rules, depending on the method chosen. This operation is extremely important in the initial period of the existence of the bush until the age of 4 years.
- Annual pruning - with the help of agrotechnical measures the selected formation is preserved and active fruiting is stimulated.
- Rejuvenation of shrubs - it is used mainly on old plants, when it is required to remove stumps, dried and unproductive elements, for complete replacement of sleeves.
- Green operations in the summer - thinning out the leaves and removing excess shoots that take away vital juices.
First pruning of grapes
Forming pruning of grapes in the first year is a necessary operation that helps not to thicken the young bush with thin shoots and to grow a powerful vine. We produce it in the autumn after the complete termination of vegetation and maturing growth. It is recommended to leave up to 2 or 3 well developed eyes, formed above the site of vaccination or ground level.
Pruning of grapes in autumn
The optimal time when the autumn pruning of grapes is produced in a particular region, is calculated depending on the local climate and cultivated varieties. This agrotechnical measure on a small home area of the solar vine is more convenient to produce in two stages:
- Pre-pruning of grapes - is performed in early October before serious frosts. Removed the unripened green vine, unable to carry winter storage. Brown shoots are forbidden to touch.
- Final pruning - begins at the end of October before the arrival of serious persistent colds. At -3 ° C and below, the vine loses its flexibility and bursts.
Pruning grapes for the winter
Winter pruning of grapes has advantages and is practiced in the zone of the cover crop. The product of this operation in the autumn reduces the allocation of molasses and the risk of sour eyes, located vertically. A compact shaped bush is easier to cover with earth. Advantages are available for each method of pruning, so the technique is chosen based on having on the site grade, taking into account its features.
Trim options:
- Short - leaves a branch for 2-4 eyes.
- Average - on the arrow leave 8 eyes, on a bush of medium size - up to 50 kidneys.
- Variant with a long pruning - suitable for Asian grapes, when you need to leave at least 15 kidneys.
- Mixed variant of trimming - combining the trimming on a knot and a fruit arrow, it is easier to update the vine and form a bush.
Spring pruning of grapes
The correct pruning of grapes in spring is convenient in non-cover culture, the technology of work is carried out according to generally accepted rules. Spring works are performed on the vine before the beginning of the sap movement, delay is threatened with increased release of the sap, which delays the healing of wounds. If the optimal period is missed, then we replace the standard pruning of the grapes by blindness of the kidneys, and we apply exceptionally dry branches to the removal.
Cropping grapes in summer
The vine-grower works on the site throughout the warm season, with the onset of active growth approaching spraying time and green operations. When caring for grapes in summer pruning and shortening is subjected to a new increase, stepchildren, mustaches. This method helps to thin out and aerate the thickets, reducing the risk of extremely unpleasant and intractable fungal infections.
Types of green pruning:
- Fragment of the vine. Remove the extra vine, which develops from the kidneys left behind. First, the fragments are made when the gain is 5 cm in length, repeatedly - with the appearance of inflorescences, when it is possible to distinguish unnecessary sterile shoots.
- Pinching the tip. It is recommended to produce on the eve of flowering. It is done by shortening the growth by 2-3 cm with the fingers. The growth of the green mass is suspended, the inflorescence of the inflorescence decreases.
- Pasynkovanie. Pruning with the leaving of a pair of sheets is subjected to an extra growth of the second order.
- Chasing. The operation that accelerates the ripening of grapes consists in shortening the shoot by 30-40 cm. The timing of minting for early and late bushes differs and depends on the climatic region. The ill-considered haste in this work strengthens the birth of stepchildren and the germination of the wintering kidney.